TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Pagent Release 4.8 Cisco Company Confidential Document Revision 1.0 Last Modified: 9/18/08 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Getting Started 1 Defining and Sending TGN Packets 1 Defining and Sending TGN Packet Flows 3 Defining and Sending TGN Packet Sequences 4 Defining and Sending TGN Packets on a Mixed Interface 5 Defining and Sending TGN Packets on a Subinterface 5 Creating Packets for SRE 5 Additional TGN Commands 5 Using the Router Console or vty Port 7 TGN Command Prompt Modes 7 Using Flow Mode 8 Using SRE Mode 9 Using TCL Scripts 9 IOS File System 10 TFTP 10 RCP 10 Flash 11 FTP 11 Chapter 2 Command Reference 1 <l-4294967295> - Selecting a Traffic Stream by Number 1 <interface_name> - Selecting an Interface 1 L2-.... - Updating the Datalink Header Definition 1 IOS-Dependent Datalink Header Update Commands 2 HEX Datalink Header Update Commands 2 Ethernet ARPA Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands 2 Ethernet SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands 2 Ethernet SAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands 2 Ethernet Novell-Ether Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands 2 Token Ring SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands 3 Token Ring SAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands 3 FDDI SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands 3 FDDI SAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands 3 Serial HDLC Datalink Header Field Update Commands 3 L3-.... - Updating the Network Header Definition 4 IP Network Header Field Update Commands 4 ARP Network Header Field Update Commands 4 IPX Network Header Field Update Commands 5 AppleTalk Phase 2 Network Header Field Update Commands 5 AppleTalk Phase 1 Network Header Field Update Commands 5 AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Network Header Field Update Commands 6 CLNS Network Header Field Update Commands 6 DECnet Network Header Field Update Commands 6 Cisco Company Confidential Contents 3 L4-.... - Updating the Transport Header Definition 7 TCP Transport Header Field Update Commands 7 UDP Transport Header Field Update Commands 7 ICMP Transport Header Field Update Commands 7 IGMP Transport Header Field Update Commands 9 layer - Replacing the Template for a Specific Layer 9 IPv6 Layer Header Field Update Commands 10 ICMPv6 Layer Header Field Update Commands 10 add - Adding a Traffic Stream 10 all - Updating Multiple Traffic Streams 13 bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second 15 broadcast - Broadcast Mode 15 Effect of Broadcast Mode and all Commands on Flow Traffic Streams 15 burst - Sending Traffic Stream in Bursts 16 clear - Clearing Configurations or Counters 16 close-logfile - Closing an Open IFS Log File 17 data - Setting Data in a Data Array 17 data-length - Setting the Data Array Length 17 datalink - Specifying the Datalink Header Encapsulation 18 delayed-start - Delaying Start of Packet Generation 18 delete - Deleting One or Several Traffic Streams 19 field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields 20 end - Exiting the TGN Command Prompt 20 expand - Expanding a Traffic Stream into Multiple Copies 20 field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields 21 fill-pattern - Defining Data Pattern to Fill Packet 24 filter - PKTS-FILTER Command Prompt Mode 25 flow - Adding and Updating Packet Flows 25 fragmentation - Configuring IP Fragmentation 26 insert-at - Inserting a Traffic Stream 27 interval - Setting the Interval Between Sending Packets 27 isl-crc-added - Adding CRC to ISL Packets 27 layer - Replacing the Template for a Specific Layer 28 length - Setting Packet Length 28 load-config - Loading a Configuration from IFS 29 max-bit-rate - Setting Interface Bandwidth Control 30 4 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential mixed-interface - Defining Traffic Streams on a Mixed Interface 30 name - Assigning a Name to a Traffic Stream 30 on/off- Activating or Deactivating a Traffic Stream 31 open-logfile - Opening an IFS Log File 31 ordered-traffic - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling 32 output-mode - Setting the Output Mode 32 prompt - Setting Command Prompt Format 34 pkts - PKTS Command Prompt 34 rate - Setting the Packet Send Rate 35 repeat - Resending Packets Repeatedly 35 replace - Selectively replacing IP Address and TCP/UDP Port Number 36 save-config - Saving a Configuration to IFS 36 secondary - Selecting a SECONDARY Processor for Transmission 37 select - Selecting a Traffic Stream by Name 37 send - Sending Packets 38 sequence - Adding and Updating Packet Sequences 38 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information 38 show - Displaying a Traffic Stream or Flow Member 40 show aarp - Displaying AARP Header Information 41 show aarp-responder - Displaying AARP Responders 41 show all - Displaying Summary of Traffic Streams or Flow Members 42 show appletalk - Displaying AppleTalk Header Information 42 show arp - Displaying ARP Header Information 43 show arp-responder - Displaying ARP Responders 43 show burst - Displaying Burst Configurations 44 show clns - Displaying CLNS Header Information 44 show clns-hello-generator - Displaying CLNS Hello-generators 45 show config - Displaying Traffic Stream Configuration Commands 45 show debug - Displaying Debugging Information for Program Developers 46 show decnet - Displaying DECnet Header Information 46 show decnet-hello - Displaying DECnet Hello-Generators 46 show flow - Displaying Summary of Packet Flows 47 show global - Displaying Global Parameters 47 show fragments-sent - Displaying Number of Fragments Sent 48 show icmp - Displaying ICMP Header Information 48 show igmp - Displaying IGMP Header Information 48 show interface - Displaying Interface Status 49 show interface config - Displaying Interface Configurations 49 show interface max-bit-rate - Displaying Maximum Bit Rates of Interfaces 50 show interface tcl-output - Displaying Interface Info in TCL-Friendly Format 50 show ip - Displaying IP Header Information 50 show ipx - Displaying IPX Header Information 51 show mac - Displaying MAC Addresses 51 Cisco Company Confidential Contents 5 show name - Displaying Traffic Stream Names and Delayed-Start Information 51 show output-mode - Displaying Output Mode Information 52 show packet - Displaying Packet Sent by Traffic Stream 52 show packet fragments - Displaying IP Packet Fragments 53 show pagent-format - Displaying a Packet in Pagent Format 54 show program-status - Displaying Current Program Status 54 show rate - Displaying Traffic Stream Rates 55 show secondary - Displaying Activity Status of SECONDARY Processors 56 show send - Displaying Summary of Send Process 56 show sequence - Displaying Summary of Packet Sequences 57 show tcp - Displaying TCP Pleader Information 58 show traffic-stream - Displaying a Traffic Stream by Name or Number 58 show udp - Displaying UDP Pleader Information 59 sre - Defining Traffic Streams for TGN or SRE 59 start/stop - Starting and Stopping Traffic Generation 59 variability - Defining the Variability in Packet Intervals 60 verbose - Configuring for Activity Messages 60 wait-to-release - Sierra Wait-to-Release Paktype 61 write - Writing Information to an IFS Log File 61 Chapter 3 Defining Header Field Values 1 Decimal and Flex Fields 1 MAC Address Fields 2 IP Address Fields 2 IPv6 Address Fields 3 Nested Increments 3 Automatic Setting of Length and Checksum Fields 4 Token Ring RIF 4 CLNS Area Fields 5 Chapter 4 ARP-Responder and Hello-Generator Commands 1 IP ARP Responder 1 AppleTalk ARP Responder 2 VINES Hello-Generator 2 CLNS Hello-Generator 2 DECnet Hello-Generator 3 Chapter 5 Using TGN and PKTS Timestamps to Measure Latency 1 Creating a TGN Traffic Stream with a Timestamp 1 Creating a PKTS Selective Filter with a Timestamp 1 Displaying Timestamp Information 1 6 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of Using Timestamps 2 Appendix A Appendix B Examples of Traffic Streams 1 Datalink Traffic Streams 1 Example of Unknown Datalink Header with IP and TCP Headers 1 Example of Ethernet with ARPA Encapsulation Traffic Stream 2 Example of Ethernet with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream 2 Example of Ethernet with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream 3 Example of Ethernet with Novell-Ether Encapsulation Traffic Stream 3 Example of Token Ring with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream 4 Example of Token Ring with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream 4 Example of FDDI with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream 5 Example of FDDI with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream 5 Example of Serial HDLC Traffic Streams 6 Network Protocol Traffic Stream 6 Example of IP Traffic Stream 6 Example of IPX Traffic Stream 7 Example of AppleTalk Phase 2 Traffic Stream 7 Example of AppleTalk Phase 1 Traffic Stream 8 Example of VINES Traffic Stream 9 Example of CLNS Traffic Stream 9 Example of DECnet Traffic Stream 10 Example of XNS Traffic Stream 11 Example of ARP (IP) Traffic Stream 11 Example of AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Traffic Stream 12 IP Transport Protocol Traffic Streams 13 Example of TCP Traffic Stream 13 Example of UDP Traffic Stream 14 Example of ICMP Traffic Stream 15 Example of IGMP Traffic Stream 16 IPv6 Traffic Streams 17 Example of IPv6 Header with Routing Header Extension 17 Example of TCP over IPv6 Traffic Stream 18 Example of UDP over IPv6 Traffic Stream 19 Example of ICMPv6 Echo Request Message Traffic Stream 20 ARP Responder and Hello-Generator Traffic Streams 21 Example of IP ARP Responder 21 Example of AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Responder 21 Example of VINES Hello-Generator 21 Example of CLNS Hello-Generator 21 Example of DECnet Hello-Generator 21 Explanation of Fields in Headers 1 Explanation of IP Header Fields 1 Explanation of TCP Header Fields 3 Explanation of UDP Header Fields 4 Explanation of ICMP Header Fields 4 Cisco Company Confidential Contents 7 Explanation of IGMP Header Fields 5 Explanation of IPX Header Fields 6 Explanation of XNS Header Fields 7 Explanation of Vines Header Fields 9 Explanation of AppleTalk Header Fields 10 Explanation of DECnet Header Fields 11 Explanation of CLNS Header Fields 12 Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields 14 8 TON (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential CHAPTER 1 Getting Started The Pagent Traffic GeNerator (TGN) is an lOS-based program in the Pagent test tool set. It defines and sends packets on any combination of supported interfaces on a router. TGN has predefined templates for specific packet types. Packet definitions can also be imported from the PKTS program capture buffer. TGN also provides IP ARP and AppleTalk ARP responders, in addition to VINES, DECnet, and CLNS end-node hello generators, so that the routers under test can forward packets. Defining and Sending TGN Packets The following list is an overview of what is involved in using TGN to define and send packets. For more information on a particular procedure, refer to the references provided. 1 Select and load the appropriate Pagent image onto your router. 2 Select the interface you want to send packets on. Make sure the interface is “not shut.” Use show interface to see the current status of the interfaces. interface name>- Selecting an Interface (page 2-11 show interface - Displaying Interface Status (page 2-491 3 Create traffic streams using the add or insert-at commands. Each traffic stream can be thought of as a separate process to create specific types of packets and send the packets in a specific way. You can add as many traffic streams as the router memory allows. You can create traffic streams for any number of supported interfaces. add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-101 insert-at - Inserting a Traffic Stream (page 2-27) You can create traffic streams based on packets in the PKTS program capture buffer. Both add and insert-at support this. You can also create traffic streams by cloning existing ones, using the add or insert-at commands. 4 Use the TGN command prompt to get the current status of the program. TGN Command Prompt Modes (page 1-71 5 Select a traffic stream for update by entering its number. <l-4294967295> - Selecting a Traffic Stream by Number (page 2-11 6 Update information in the traffic stream header fields. Decimal, hex, mac address, and ip address fields are supported. With a few exceptions, almost all header fields can be set to be constant, Cisco Company Confidential Getting Started 1-1 Defining and Sending TGN Packets incrementing, or random. The L2 commands update datalink header fields. The L3 commands update network header fields. The L4 commands update transport header fields. Decimal and Hex Fields (page 3-1) MAC Address Fields (page 3-23 IP Address Fields (page 3-2) L2-.... - Updating the Datalink Header Definition (page 2-11 L3-.... - Updating the Network Header Definition (page 2-4) L4-.... - Updating the Transport Header Definition (page 2-7) 7 You can nest incrementing header fields, which means that one field increments only when the incrementing field it links to has gone through its entire range. This ensures that all combinations of the incrementing field values are generated. Nested Increments (page 3-31 8 You can set header length fields and IP checksum fields automatically to their correct values. Automatic Setting of Length and Checksum Fields (pane 3-4) 9 You can define in hex the data that comes after the headers. data - Setting Data in a Data Array (pace 2-171 data-length - Setting the Data Array Length (page 2-17) 10 Complete a packet to its requested length with a fill pattern. fill-pattern - Defining Data Pattern to Fill Packet (page 2-24) 11 Use the length command to define the traffic stream packet lengths, which can be set automatically, or they can be set to constant, incrementing, or random. length - Setting Packet Length (page 2-28) 12 You can define the traffic stream send rate in packets per second using the rate command, or in bits per second using bit-rate command, or in milliseconds between packets using the interval command. rate - Setting the Packet Send Rate (page 2-351 bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second (page 2-151 interval - Setting the Interval Between Sending Packets (page 2-271 13 Select one of the following output-modes: process (slowest), fast (default), dedicated (fastest), or optimal (this hardware-specific superfast mode is available on some processors, but has limitations on packet definitions). ordered-traffic - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling (page 2-32) 14 When a traffic stream is started, the first packet transmission is delayed by a random value within the packet transmit interval. If there are multiple traffic streams, this prevents all packets from being sent out in bursts. You can use the delay-start command to define in milliseconds, microseconds, or nanoseconds how long the traffic stream waits after the start command before sending its first packet. datalink - Specifying the Datalink Header Encapsulation (page 2-18) 15 If you are creating an ISL packet, you need to use the isl-crc-added command to complete the packet with a CRC over the encapsulated packet. isl-crc-added - Adding CRC to ISL Packets (page 2-27) 16 To temporarily turn off a traffic stream, use the off command. on/off- Activating or Deactivating a Traffic Stream (page 2-31) 1-2 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Defining and Sending TGN Packet Flows 17 Use the start and stop commands to start and stop traffic generation. The s command toggles between the two states. The start send command causes traffic streams with defined send amounts to send the specified number of packets. start/stop - Starting and Stopping Traffic Generation (page 2-59) send - Sending Packets (page 2-38) 18 Some IOS hardware is implemented with a PRIMARY processor and multiple SECONDARY processors, for example the RSP (PRIMARY processor) with VIPs (SECONDARY processors). On this hardware, either the PRIMARY processor or the SECONDARY processor (this is the default) can transmit the packets. secondary - Selecting a SECONDARY Processor for Transmission (page 2-37) show secondary - Displaying Activity Status of SECONDARY Processors (page 2-56) 19 There are many summary commands that give an overview of traffic stream configurations. Use the show command to review the current traffic stream configuration. The show packet command displays what a packet looks like, as defined by a traffic stream configuration. The show pagent-format displays a packet in a format that can be input to the classic Pagent program. show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) show packet - Displaying Packet Sent by Traffic Stream (page 2-52) show pagent-format - Displaying a Packet in Pagent Format (page 2-54) 20 Use the all option to update all traffic steams on an interface or a subset of them. all - Updating Multiple Traffic Streams (page 2-13) 21 Use the broadcast mode to update and review all traffic streams on all interfaces with a single command. bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second (page 2-15) Defining and Sending TGN Packet Flows TGN packet flows are special traffic streams comprised of packets that must be transmitted in the order configured. Each flow has members. The following summarizes the steps involved in defining and sending packet flows. For more information on a particular procedure, refer to the references provided. 1 Use the add flow command to add a traffic stream containing a flow of packets. add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-10) 2 Use the flow command to add and configure flow members. flow - Adding and Updating Packet Flows (page 2-25) You can use flow mode or flow commands to add and configure flow members. The flow mode prompt and flow commands are available only when the currently selected traffic stream is a flow traffic stream. To get into flow mode, select a flow traffic stream and enter the flow command. <l-4294967295>- Selecting a Traffic Stream by Number (page 2-1) Using Flow Mode (page 1-8) 3 Use the start and start send commands to start traffic generation. Use the stop and s commands to stop or toggle the traffic generation. start/stop - Starting and Stopping Traffic Generation (page 2-59) Cisco Company Confidential Getting Started 1-3 Defining and Sending TGN Packet Sequences 4 In flow mode, use the show command to display individual flow members or a summary of flow packets. show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 In TGN mode, use the show flow to display a summary of packet flows. show flow - Displaying Summary of Packet Flows (page 2-471 Defining and Sending TGN Packet Sequences Note Packet flows are designed to replace TGN packet sequences, so use TGN packet flows instead of packet sequences. (Packet sequences will not be developed further and are being maintained for backward compatibility only.) See Defining and Sending TGN Packet Flows, (page 1-3 ). There are a number of advantages to packet flows over sequences. Packet flows offer an unequal intermember interval (which can be random), and you can specify a delayed start for the flow. You can configure and view flow members separately as a group, since each flow maintains it own list of members. Sequence items are part of a traffic stream list. Packet sequences are special traffic streams comprised of packets that must be transmitted in the order configured. The following summarizes the steps involved in defining and sending packet sequences. For more information on a particular procedure, refer to the references provided. 1 Define a regular traffic stream that contains definitions of packets. Defining and Sending TGN Packets (page 1-1) 2 Use the add sequence command to add a traffic stream containing a sequence of packets. add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-10) 3 Use the sequence add command to build a list of references to traffic streams with packet definitions. Use the sequence insert-at command to add a reference into an existing sequence. With the sequence command, you can modify the sequence list by removing or disabling specific references. Use the sequence interval command to specify the interval between consecutive packets in the sequence. sequence - Adding and Updating Packet Sequences (page 2-38) 4 Use the start and start send commands to start traffic generation. If a sequence list references a traffic stream, it is deactivated and cannot be used by another sequence list. Active traffic streams not used by a sequence list are scheduled and transmitted as usual. The scheduling information (for example, rate and send) of the first packet in the sequence is applied to the entire sequence. Use the stop and s commands to stop or toggle the traffic generation. start/stop - Starting and Stopping Traffic Generation (page 2-59) 5 Use the show sequence command to display a summary of packet sequences. show sequence - Displaying Summary of Packet Sequences (page 2-57) 1-4 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Defining and Sending TGN Packets on a Mixed Interface Defining and Sending TGN Packets on a Mixed Interface In TGN mixed interface mode, traffic streams across different interfaces are organized in a single list. Currently, this mode only supports process and fast-send output mode. The following summarizes the steps involved in defining and sending packets on a mixed interface. For more information on a particular procedure, refer to the references provided. 1 Turn on mixed interface mode. mixed-interface - Defining Traffic Streams on a Mixed Interface (page 2-30) 2 Select the interface you want to send packets on. 3 Define and send regular traffic streams that contain definitions of packets. Defining and Sending TGN Packets (page 1-11 Traffic streams defined in mixed interface mode can only be sent using mixed interface mode. The TGN command prompt indicates whether mixed interface mode is on by adding an X to the application name (TGN-X). Mixed interface mode is particularly useful when scheduling traffic streams that are interdependent. The default scheduling for mixed interface is ordered traffic (see ordered-traffic - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling (page 2-32)1 . Defining and Sending TGN Packets on a Subinterface By default, the datalink header is assembled with user-defined header field values. For a subset of built-in packet templates (currently only IP-based protocol header templates), you can use the datalink command to automatically assemble the datalink header according to the interface or subinterface configuration on the router. 1 Define regular traffic streams that contain definitions of packets. Defining and Sending TGN Packets (page 1-11 2 Set the datalink header, IOS-dependent encapsulation with the subinterface name. datalink - Specifying the Datalink Header Encapsulation (page 2-18) Creating Packets for SRE TGN allows you to create packets that can be used by SRE (Stimulus Response Engine). To define packets for SRE use, use the sre on command to select the mode that allows definition of packets for SRE use. You must assign SRE packets a name, since that is how SRE accesses the packet definition. sre - Defining Traffic Streams for TGN or SRE (page 2-59) name - Assigning a Name to a Traffic Stream (page 2-301 Additional TGN Commands The following commands provide additional flexibility and customization when using TGN. • TGN allows you to define your own configurable fields in a traffic stream. These fields are given a name, can be placed anywhere in the packet, can define decimal, hex, or IP address data, and the data can be constant, incrementing, or random. You can almost define your own headers. field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields (page 2-211 Cisco Company Confidential Getting Started 1-5 Additional TGN Commands • The timestamp is a special configurable field type that is updated just before the packet is transmitted. You can use it in combination with the PKTS program for network latency measurements. field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields (page 2-21) Using TGN and PKTS Timestamps to Measure Latency (page 5-D • For every show command that displays information on the console, there is an equivalent write command to write the same information to the IOS file system (IFS) log file. write - Writing Information to an 1FS Log File (page 2-61) open-logfile - Opening an IFS Log File (page 2-31) close-logfile - Closing an Open IFS Log File (page 2-17) • The save command saves the current TGN configuration to an IFS file. The load command loads a saved configuration from the IFS. replace - Selectively replacing IP Address and TCP/UDP Port Number (page 2-36) load-config - Loading a Configuration from IFS (page 2-291 • Use the add sniffer-file command to create traffic streams by reading in a sniffer file via IFS. add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-10) • Routers need end stations to forward packets to. TGN supports the definition of ARP responders and hello generators to act like destination stations. ARP-Responder and Hello-Generator Commands (page 4-1) ARP Responder and Hello-Generator Traffic Streams (page A-21) • By default, traffic steams send packets continuously. Use the burst commands to send packets in user-defined bursts. burst - Sending Traffic Stream in Bursts (page 2-16) • Use the delete command to delete one or more traffic streams. delete - Deleting One or Several Traffic Streams (page 2-19) • Use the clear all command to delete all traffic stream configurations on all interfaces. clear - Clearing Configurations or Counters (page 2-16) • Use the expand command to make multiple copies of a traffic stream, with the new copies having constant fields and lengths. expand - Expanding a Traffic Stream into Multiple Copies (page 2-20) • Use the repeat command to send multiple copies of a packet in a fast burst. repeat - Resending Packets Repeatedly (page 2-35) • Use the variability command to maintain the basic packet rate but introduce variability in the time intervals between packets. variability - Defining the Variability in Packet Intervals (page 2-60) • Use the ordered-traffic command to toggle between ordered traffic scheduling and the default style of scheduling each traffic stream independently of one another. This feature is configured on a per interface basis. ordered-traffic - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling (page 2-32) • Use the verbose command to control the generation of activity messages and the verbose logging-to command to control where the activity messages will appear. 1-6 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Using the Router Console or vty Port verbose - Configuring for Activity Messages (page 2-60) Using the Router Console or vty Port TGN works through either the console port connection or a vty port. Do not use both ports concurrently or switch between the two when either is at a Pagent program command prompt. TGN Command Prompt Modes When TGN mode is entered, the router command prompt changes. An example of the TGN command line prompt is: hostname#tgn hostnam(TGN:OFF,Et0/0/0:none)# Note that the hostname is shortened. The command prompt option field (in parenthesis) is used extensively in TGN to report current status and location in the program. TGN allows 20 characters for the option field. Since IOS limits the hostname plus option field to 27 characters, TGN limits the hostname display to seven characters so that 20 characters are available for the option field. If the option field exceeds 20 characters, only the last 20 are displayed because it contains the most immediate information. The full hostname is restored when TGN is exited. The option field shows the following (the information in the parenthesis refers to the example above): • Program (TGN) Note When TGN is in a special mode, such as SRE or mixed interface, a suffix is added to TGN. For example: TGN-SRE. • Whether traffic generation is ON or OFF (OFF) • Which interface is currently selected (ethernet0/0/0) • How many traffic streams have been configured on the interface and which traffic stream is currently selected (none) Once traffic streams are created on the interface, the prompt changes to the following: hostnam(TGN:ON,Et0/0/0:2/3)# This example shows that traffic is being generated, that three traffic streams have been created on the interface, and that traffic stream 2 of 3 is currently selected. When traffic streams are sending their requested number of packets (start send is active), the command prompt displays the following: hostnam(TGN:SEND,Et0/0/0:2/31# When broadcast mode is selected, a command can be applied to all traffic streams on all interfaces, instead of just a single selected traffic stream on a specific interface. The TGN prompt in broadcast mode is: hostnam(TGN:OFF,Broadcast)# If a wait-to-release time is set on a 4500 or 4700, the command prompt indicates whether the wait period is on after a stop command. For example: Cisco Company Confidential Getting Started 1-7 TGN Command Prompt Modes hostnam(TGN:ON,Et0/0/0:2/3)#stop hostnam(TGN:WAIT,Et0/0/0:2/3)# hostnam(TGN:WAIT,Et0/0/0:2/3)# hostnam(TGN:OFF,Et0/0/0:2/3)# The TGN prompt command changes the format of the command prompt to a static format, with a full hostname and “PAGENT” in the option field. This format can be useful for test automation scripts. hostname(PAGENT)# Using TCL Scripts (page 1-9) prompt - Setting Command Prompt Format (page 2-34) Using Flow Mode When TGN flow mode is entered, the router command prompt changes. An example of the flow command line prompt is: hostname(TGN:OFF,EtO:2/3)#flow hostnam(FF,Et2/3,FLOW:NONE)# Note that the prompt has changed. Flow mode information is appended to the normal TGN prompt. As explained above, if the option field exceeds 20 characters, only the last 20 are displayed. It returns to the normal TGN prompt when you exit flow mode. In the above example, the information pertaining to flow mode starts with the characters “FLOW.” It shows the following (the information in the parenthesis refers to the example above): • Flow mode (FLOW) • How many members have been configured on the interface and which member is currently selected (NONE) Once members are added to the flow, the prompt changes to the following: hostnam(ON,EtO:2/3,FLOW:4/S)# This example shows: traffic is being generated; three traffic streams have been created on the interface EtO; traffic stream 2 of 3 is currently selected, and that it is a flow traffic stream; and six members are in the flow, and member 4 is currently selected. When the command start send is used, the prompt changes to: hostnam(ND,EtO:2/3,FLOW:4/6)# Note On some platforms, the flow prompt might look like this: hostnam(,Et 0:2/3/2,FLOW:2/3)# This prompt does not display if the traffic generation is on or off (due to the 20 character limitation mentioned above). In such cases, you can verify the program status with the show program-status command. 1-8 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Using SRE Mode Using SRE Mode TGN also has an SRE mode in which traffic streams are created to be used as packet definitions for the SRE program. The command prompt replaces “TGN” with “TGN-SRE” when in SRE mode. For example: C4700 -p(TGN:OFF,Etl:2/3)#sre on c4700-p (TGN-SRE,OFF,Etl:none)#add ip C4700-P (TGN-SRE,OFF,Etl: 1/1) #sre off c4700-p (TGN:OFF,Etl:2/3)# On a RSP this can look like this: C7513a-(TGN:OFF,Et8/0:3/3)#sre on c7513a-(N-SRE:OFF,Et8/0 rnone)#add ip c7513a-(GN-SRE:OFF,Et8/0:1/1)#sre off C7513a- (TGN:OFF,Et 8/0:3/3)# Using TCL Scripts You can control TGN with an ATS (Automated Test System) TCL script using CSCCON (ATS command set to control an IOS router), but you must enter the commands as if from the router exec command prompt and not from the TGN command prompt. CSCCON cannot process TGN command prompt options. The examples in this manual show using TGN from the TGN command prompt, but any TGN command can be executed from the router exec prompt by preceding the command with “TGN.” A TGN command entered from the router exec can be used by TCL scripts. The following examples both execute the following sequence of commands, but one enters the commands at the TGN command prompt, and the other at the router exec prompt. • Selects the ethernetl interface • Creates an IP traffic steam • Sets output rate to 10000 pps • Sets packet length to 60 • Starts traffic generation • Stops traffic generation • Displays rate information Using TGN command prompt hostname#TGN hostnam(TGN:OFF,EtO:none)#ethernetl hostnam(TGN:OFF,Etl:none)#add ip hostnam(TGN:OFF,Etl:1/1)#rate 10000 hostnam(TGN:OFF,Etl:1/1)length 60 hostnam(TGN:OFF,Etl:1/1)#start hostnam(TGN:ON,Etl:1/1)# ... send traffic for a while ... hostnam(TGN:ON:,Etl:1/1)#stop hostname#tgn stop hostnam(TGN:OFF,Etl:1/1)#show rate hostname#tgn show rate hostnam(TGN:OFF,Etl:1/1)#q hostname# From the router exec prompt hostname#tgn ethernetl hostname#tgn add ip hostname#tgn rate 10000 hostname#tgn length 60 hostname#tgn start Cisco Company Confidential Getting Started 1-9 IOS File System You can use the tgn show program-status command in a TCL script to display the information available in the TGN command prompt options. See show program-status - Displaying Current Program Status (page 2-54), There are also show commands that display TGN-generated data in a TCL-friendly format using the tcl-output option. With TCL-friendly format, it is easy to extract data from the output text because it follows a unique keyword and is not row- and column-position dependent, which can change with Pagent releases. The following display commands support the tcl-output option: show - Displaying a Traffic Stream or Flow Member (page 2-40) show interface tcl-output - Displaying Interface Info in TCL-Friendly Format (page 2-50) Test automation scripts can use the prompt command to set a static command prompt format so that scripts can enter commands as if from the NQR program command prompt instead of the IOS exec. TGN Command Prompt Modes (page 1-7) prompt - Setting Command Prompt Format (page 2-34) IOS File System The TGN program has commands to save TGN configurations to the IOS File System (IFS), to load a saved configuration from IFS, to log information to an IFS file, and to create a traffic stream based on a sniffer file. The following sections provide information on the various file systems. See the sections listed below for more information on the specific TGN commands that work with IFS. replace - Selectively replacing IP Address and TCP/UDP Port Number (page 2-361 load-config - Loading a Configuration from IFS (page 2-291 open-logfile - Opening an IFS Log File (page 2-31) close-logfile - Closing an Open IFS Log File (page 2-171 add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-101 TFTP When using TFTP for file transfers, note the following: • The TFTP session closes if there is more than 10 seconds of inactivity. This is not a problem when saving or loading a configuration file, but it makes TFTP awkward for logging. There cannot be more then 10 seconds between the completion of writing the information of one write command to completing the entry of the next write command. • You must configure the Pagent router so that there is an IP network path from the router to the TFTP server. You should be able to ping the TFTP server. • The file name can include directory names, but the directory path must be relative to the /tftpboot directory on the TFTP server. • On most TFTP servers, the file to be written must exist and have world write permissions. Use the UNIX touch and chmod commands to create the file and assign access permissions. • You can specify a TFTP server host name instead of an address if your Pagent router has been configured with the appropriate ip host ... alias command. RCP When using RCP for file transfers, note the following: 1-10 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Flash • The TFTP session closes if there is more than 15 seconds of inactivity. This is not a problem when saving or loading a configuration file, but it makes TFTP awkward for logging. There cannot be more then 15 seconds between the completion of writing the information of one write command to completing the entry of the next write command. • When RCP opens a file, it needs to know the file length. When TGN saves a configuration, the program can determine the length of the configuration file but the program does not know what the length of a log file will be. For this reason, when a RCP log file is opened, it prompts the user for the file length. This prompt occurs even when a complete URL is entered, which makes RCP logging unusable for scripts. If the user writes out more information than the specified file length, the file will close when the file size is reached and additional output data will be dropped. If the file is closed before the file size is reached, the TGN program writes out spaces to complete the file to the specified length. • In the Cisco testing environment, RCP files are written relative to the user’s home directory. • The user must enter a user id in the URL. You can use the router configuration command: ip rcmd remote-username myuserid If this is not entered, the default will be the router hostname when using 1FS prompts. If this command is configured, the prompt default will be myuserid. • You must add the Pagent router’s hostname to the .rhosts file in the myuserid home directory. The router hostname must be preceded with a “+” and space. When TGN’s command prompt is active, it shortens hostnames to seven characters, so if the router hostname is more than seven characters long, you need to enter both the full hostname and the shortened seven-character hostname. Example of an .rhosts file: + c7513a-pagent + c7513a- + c4700-pagent + c4700-p dirt.cisco.com yorkie.cisco.com autons-dev-serverl.cisco.com Flash Flash is available only if the router supports it. Flash can keep a file open indefinitely. This is an advantage for logging, compared to TFTP and RCP, which close after about 10 to 15 seconds of inactivity. FTP IFS logs onto FTP as “anonymous.” Within the Cisco testing environment, FTP servers are rarely configured to accept an anonymous login. The man pages state, “The anonymous account is inherently dangerous and should be avoided when possible.” FTP has not been tested and is not recommended. Cisco Company Confidential Getting Started 1-11 IOS File System 1-12 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential CHAPTER 2 Command Reference This chapter lists the TGN commands and how to define and update header information. <l-4294967295> - Selecting a Traffic Stream by Number <l-4294967295> After you have selected an interface, you can select an existing traffic stream on the interface for update or review by entering its number. <interface_name> - Selecting an Interface EthernetO etl Fddil/0 Serial8/l/3 TunnelO You select an interface by entering its name in IOS format. For the Tunnel interface, only PROCESS output mode is supported. All traffic streams must be datalink ios-dependent and have the repeat equal to 1. Currently, only IP-based protocol header templates are supported on Tunnel interfaces. L2-.... - Updating the Datalink Header Definition L2-.... The L2 commands update the definition of the datalink header. The L2-encapsulation command changes the LAN media encapsulation. The encap can be ARPA, SNAP, SAP, or NOVELL-ETHER. The program only accepts encapsulations that are valid for the media and network protocol. L2-encapsulation LAN encapsulation All other L2 commands are used to set the value in a header field. The commands that are available depend on the media and the encapsulation. Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-1 L2-.... - Updating the Datalink Header Definition IOS-Dependent Datalink Header Update Commands The IOS-dependent datalink header is created when the datalink command is available for the protocol template of the traffic stream and the command’s ios-dependent option is specified. L2-arp-for Update IP address for datalink ARP datalink - Specifying the Datalink Header Encapsulation (page 2-18~) HEX Datalink Header Update Commands The hex datalink header is created when the TGN program does not recognize the interface media. L2-data Unknown datalink header hex data L2-data-length Length of unknown datalink header For an example, see Example of Unknown Datalink Header with IP and TCP Headers (page A-P . Ethernet ARPA Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands L2-dest-addr Update Destination MAC address field L2-protocol Update Protocol identification field L2-src-addr Update Source MAC address field For an example, see Example of Ethernet with ARPA Encapsulation Traffic Stream (page A-2T Ethernet SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands L2-control L2-dest-addr L2-ether-length L2-protocol L2-snap-oui L2-src-addr L2-ssap Update Control field after DSAP and SSAP Update Destination MAC address field Update Ethernet 802.3 length field Update Protocol identification field Update SNAP header OUI field Update Source MAC address field Update SSAP address field For an example, see Example of Ethernet with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream (page A-2) . Ethernet SAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands L2-control L2-dest-addr L2-dsap L2-ether-length L2-src-addr L2-ssap Update Control field after DSAP and SSAP Update Destination MAC address field Update DSAP address field Update Ethernet 802.3 length field Update Source MAC address field Update SSAP address field For an example, see Example of Ethernet with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream (page A-3T Ethernet Novell-Ether Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands L2-dest-addr Update Destination MAC address field L2-ether-length Update Ethernet 802.3 length field L2-src-addr Update Source MAC address field For an example, see Example of Ethernet with Novell-Ether Encapsulation Traffic Stream (page A-3) . 2-2 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Token Ring SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands Token Ring SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands L2-access-control L2-control L2-dest-addr L2-dsap L2-frame-control L2-protocol L2-rif L2-snap-oui L2-src-addr L2-ssap Update Access-control field Update Control field after DSAP and SSAP Update Destination MAC address field Update DSAP address field Update Token ring frame-control field Update Protocol identification field Update Token ring Routing Information Field Update SNAP header OUI field Update Source MAC address field Update SSAP address field For an example, see Example of Token Ring with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream (page A-4) . Token Ring SAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands L2-access-control L2-control L2-dest-addr L2-dsap L2-frame-control L2-rif L2-src-addr L2-ssap Update Access-control field Update Control field after DSAP and SSAP Update Destination MAC address field Update DSAP address field Update Token ring frame-control field Update Token ring Routing Information Field Update Source MAC address field Update SSAP address field For an example, see Example of Token Ring with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream (page A-4) . FDDI SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands L2-access-control L2-control L2-dest-addr L2-dsap L2-protocol L2-snap-oui L2-src-addr L2-ssap Update Access-control field Update Control field after DSAP and SSAP Update Destination MAC address field Update DSAP address field Update Protocol identification field Update SNAP header OUI field Update Source MAC address field Update SSAP address field For an example, see Example of FDDI with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream (page A-51 . FDDI SAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands L2-access-control L2-control L2-dest-addr L2-dsap L2-src-addr L2-ssap Update Access-control field Update Control field after DSAP and SSAP Update Destination MAC address field Update DSAP address field Update Source MAC address field Update SSAP address field For an example, see Example of FDDI with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream (page A-5) . Serial HDFC Datalink Header Field Update Commands L2-flags Update HDLC flags field L2-protocol Update HDLC protocol identification field For an example, see Example of Serial HDLC Traffic Streams (page A-6) . Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-3 L3-.... - Updating the Network Header Definition L3-.... - Updating the Network Header Definition L3-.... The L3 commands update the value of fields in network header definitions. Each network protocol has a different set of commands. IP Network Header Field Update Commands L3-checksum Update IP header checksum field L3-dest-addr Update IP destination address field L3-fragmentation Update IP fragmentation + flags field L3-header-length Update IP version field L3 -id Update IP ID field L3-length Update IP length field L3-option-data IP option data L3-option-length IP option length L3-protocol Update IP transport protocol field L3-src-addr Update IP source address field L3-tos Update IP type-of-service field L3-ttl Update IP time-to-live field L3-version Update IP version field The default configuration for L3-header-length is auto. If the header length is configured to a constant value > 4, TGN adds 4-byte ip-options (not shown in the config) to the outgoing packet. If L3-header-length is set to incrementing/random, TGN generates erroneous packets if there is an L4-header. show ip - Displaying IP Header Information (page 2-501 Example of IP Traffic Stream (page A-6) Explanation of IP Header Fields (page B-l) ARP Network Header Field Update Commands L3-hardware L3-hardware-length L3-operation L3-protocol L3-protocol-length L3-sender-haddr L3-sender-paddr L3-target-haddr L3-target-paddr Update ARP hardware field Update ARP hardware address length field Update ARP operation field Update ARP protocol field Update ARP protocol address length field Update ARP sender mac address field Update ARP sender IP address field Update ARP target mac address field Update ARP target IP address field show arp - Displaying ARP Header Information (page 2-431 Example of ARP (IP! Traffic Stream (page A-l II Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields (page B-141 2-4 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential IPX Network Header Field Update Commands IPX Network Header Field Update Commands L3-checksum Update IPX L3-dest-host Update IPX L3-dest-net Update IPX L3-dest-socket Update IPX L3-length Update IPX L3-packet-type Update IPX L3-src-host Update IPX L3-src-net Update IPX L3-src-socket Update IPX L3-transport-control Update IPX checksum field destination host mac address field destination network field destination socket field length field packet type field source host mac address field source network field source socket field transport control field show ipx - Displaying IPX Header Information (page 2-511 Example of IPX Traffic Stream (page A-7) Explanation of IPX Header Fields (page B-6) AppleTalk Phase 2 Network Header Field Update Commands L3-checksum L3-ddp-type L3-dest-net L3-dest-node L3-dest-socket L3-hopcount L3-length L3-phase L3-src-net L3-src-node L3-src-socket Update APPLETALK checksum field Update APPLETALK DDP type field Update APPLETALK destination network Update APPLETALK destination node field Update APPLETALK destination socket field Update APPLETALK hopcount field Update APPLETALK length field APPLETALK phase 1 or 2 Update APPLETALK source network field Update APPLETALK source node field Update APPLETALK source socket field show appletalk - Displaying AppleTalk Header Information (page 2-42) Example of AppleTalk Phase 2 Traffic Stream (page A-7) Explanation of AppleTalk Header Fields (page B-10) AppleTalk Phase 1 Network Header Field Update Commands L3-checksum L3-ddp-type L3-dest-net L3-dest-node L3-dest-socket L3-hopcount L3-length L3-1lap-dest-node L3-1lap-src-node L3-1lap-type L3-phase L3-src-net L3-src-node L3-src-socket Update APPLETALK checksum field Update APPLETALK DDP type field Update APPLETALK destination network Update APPLETALK destination node field Update APPLETALK destination socket field Update APPLETALK hopcount field Update APPLETALK length field APPLETALK phase 1 LLAP destination node APPLETALK phase 1 LLAP source node APPLETALK phase 1 LLAP type APPLETALK phase 1 or 2 Update APPLETALK source network field Update APPLETALK source node field Update APPLETALK source socket field show appletalk - Displaying AppleTalk Header Information (page 2-42) Example of AppleTalk Phase 1 Traffic Stream (page A-8) Explanation of AppleTalk Header Fields (page B-10) Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-5 L3-.... - Updating the Network Header Definition AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Network Header Field Update Commands L3-hardware Update AARP L3-hardware-length Update AARP L3-operation Update AARP L3-protocol Update AARP L3-protocol-length Update AARP L3-sender-haddr Update AARP L3-sender-network Update AARP L3-sender-node Update AARP L3-target-haddr Update AARP L3-target-network Update AARP L3-target-node Update AARP hardware field hardware address length field operation field protocol field protocol address length field sender mac address field sender network address field sender node address field target mac address field target network address field target node address field show aarp - Displaying AARP Header Information (page 2-41) Example of AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Traffic Stream (page A-12) Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields (page B-14) CLNS Network Header Field Update Commands L3-checksum Update CLNS L3-dest-area Update CLNS L3-dest-host Update CLNS L3-dest-len Update CLNS L3-dest-protocol Update CLNS L3-flags Update CLNS L3-header-length Update CLNS L3 -id Update CLNS L3-lifetime Update CLNS L3-option-length CLNS option L3-segment-length Update CLNS L3-src-area Update CLNS L3-src-host Update CLNS L3-src-len Update CLNS L3-src-protocol Update CLNS L3-version Update CLNS checksum field destination area field destination host mac address destination length field destination protocol field flags field header-length field id field lifetime field length segment length field source area field source host mac address. source length field source protocol field version field CLNS Area Fields (page 3-5) show clns - Displaying CLNS Header Information (page 2-44) Example of CLNS Traffic Stream (page A-9) Explanation of CLNS Header Fields (page B-121 DECnet Network Header Field Update Commands L3-dest-area L3-dest-node L3-flags L3-length L3-next-level2 L3-protocol L3-service L3-src-area L3-src-node L3-visit-count Update DECNET destination area field Update DECNET destination node field Update DECNET flags field Update DECNET length field Update DECNET next level field Update DECNET protocol field Update DECNET service field Update DECNET source area field Update DECNET source node field Update DECNET visit count field show decnet - Displaying DECnet Header Information (page 2-46) Example of DECnet Traffic Stream (pane A-10) Explanation ofDECnet Header Fields (page B-11 > 2-6 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential L4-.... - Updating the Transport Header Definition L4-.... - Updating the Transport Header Definition L4-.... The L4 commands update the value of fields in transport header definitions. Each transport protocol has a different set of commands. TCP Transport Header Field Update Commands L4-acknowledge L4-checksum L4-dest-port L4-flags L4-header-length L4-option-data L4-option-length L4-sequence L4-src-port L4-urgent L4-window Update TCP acknowledge number field Update TCP header checksum field Update TCP destination port field Update TCP flags field Update TCP header-length field TCP option data TCP option length Update TCP sequence number field Update TCP source port field Update TCP urgent pointer field Update TCP window field show tcp - Displaying TCP Header Information (page 2-584 Example of TCP Traffic Stream (page A-13) Explanation of TCP Header Fields (page B-3) UDP Transport Header Field Update Commands L4-checksum L4-dest-port L4-length L4-src-port Update UDP checksum field Update UDP destination port field Update UDP length field Update UDP source port field show udp - Displaying UDP Header Information (page 2-591 Example of UDP Traffic Stream (pane A-14) Explanation of UDP Header Fields (page B-4) ICMP Transport Header Field Update Commands This is a simplified definition of the ICMP header. These L4- fields only define the first 8 bytes of an ICMP header. The type, code, and checksum fields are the first 4 bytes of all ICMP headers. The next 4 bytes are represented by the option field, which has a different meaning for different ICMP types. The rest of the ICMP data has to be supplied in the data array. L4-checksum L4-code L4-option L4-type Update ICMP checksum field Update ICMP code field Update ICMP option field Update ICMP type field show icmp - Displaying ICMP Header Information (page 2-48) Example of ICMP Traffic Stream (page A-151 Explanation of ICMP Header Fields (page B-4) Here are some ICMP header definitions: Destination Unreachable Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 Type | Code | Checksum | Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-7 L4-.... - Updating the Transport Header Definition [ unused | Internet Header + 64 bits of Original Data Datagram Time Exceeded Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 [ Type | Code | Checksum [ unused [ Internet Header + 64 bits of Original Data Datagram H-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-h- + Parameter Problem Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 [ Type | Code | Checksum | Pointer | unused [ Internet Header + 64 bits of Original Data Datagram Source Quench Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 [ Type | Code | Checksum [ unused [ Internet Header + 64 bits of Original Data Datagram Redirect Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 [ Type | Code | Checksum [ Gateway Internet Address [ Internet Header + 64 bits of Original Data Datagram Echo or Echo Reply Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 [ Type | Code | Checksum | Identifier | Sequence Number [ Data ... Timestamp or Timestamp Reply Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 2-8 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential IGMP Transport Header Field Update Commands | Type | Code | Checksum j H-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I I I I I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-h [ Identifier | Sequence Number j [ Originate Timestamp j [ Receive Timestamp | H-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I I I I I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-h | Transmit Timestamp j Information Request or Information Reply Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I h- + [ Type | Code | Checksum [ | Identifier | Sequence Number j ICMP Router Advertisement Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 | Type | Code | Checksum j [ Num Addrs |Addr Entry Size| Lifetime | | Router Addressfl] | Preference Levelfl] Router Address[2] j H-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-h- + Preference Level[2] ICMP Router Solicitation Message 0 12 3 01234567890123456789012345678901 H-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-h- + Type | Code | Checksum j Reserved j IGMP Transport Header Field Update Commands L4-checksum Update IGMP checksum field L4-group-address Update IGMP group address field L4-type Update IGMP type field L4-version Update IGMP version field show igmp - Displaying IGMP Header Information (page 2-48) Example of IGMP Traffic Stream (page A-16) Explanation of IGMP Header Fields (page B-5) layer - Replacing the Template for a Specific Layer layer layer-number layer-template Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-9 add - Adding a Traffic Stream Replaces the template of the numbered layer with the specified layer template. The layer template options are: Ethernet—Ethernet layer template HDLC—HDLC layer template PPP—Point to Point Protocol layer template data—HEX string layer template icmpv6—!CMPv6 layer template ipv6—IPv6 layer template rtp—Real Time Protocol layer template layer layer-number undo Undoes the template of the numbered layer and reinitializes the layer according to the packet template. layer max-level number Sets the maximum number of layers that can be configured. The minimum is 4, and the maximum is 255. The default is 4. Note For more information on using header templates available through the layer command, see the Layer Templates document on the Pagent Web page. IPv6 Layer Header Field Update Commands L3-version 6 L3-traffic-class 0 L3-flow-label 0x0 L3-payload-length auto L3-next-header auto L3-hop-limit 64 L3-src-addr :: L3-dest-addr :: L3-header total 0 modules Please read RFC 2460 for an explanation of IPv6 header fields. Example of IPv6 Header with Routing Header Extension (page A-171 ICMPv6 Layer Header Field Update Commands L4-type auto L4-code 0 L4-checksum auto L4-message is data L4-message length 0 bytes Please read RFC 2463 for explanation of ICMPv6 header fields. Example of ICMPv6 Echo Request Message Traffic Stream (page A-201 add - Adding a Traffic Stream The add command takes the following arguments. Each format is described in more detail below, add template [timestamp] 2-10 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential add - Adding a Traffic Stream Creates a traffic stream based on a template. add pkts-packet [pkt # [to to-pkt#]] [filter-with {active-display-filters | pkts-filter-name}\ [tag] [timestamp] Creates a traffic stream based on a packet in a PKTS capture buffer, add interface ts-name-or-number Creates a traffic stream by cloning an existing traffic stream, add mixed-interface [primary | secondary slot-number ] ts-name-or-number Creates a traffic stream by cloning an existing traffic stream from a mixed interface, add {arp | aarp} responder Creates an IP or AppleTalk ARP responder, add {decnet | clns} hello-generator Creates a DECnet or Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) hello-generator. add sniffer-file url Creates a traffic stream based on sniffer file. add flow Creates a traffic stream containing a packet flow. add sequence Creates a traffic stream containing a sequence of packets. Any format of the add command can use the following options: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:none)#add ? Async Async interface BVI Bridge-Group Virtual Interface CDMA-lx CDMA lx interface CTunnel CTunnel interface Dialer Dialer interface Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Group-Async Async Group interface Lex Lex interface Loopback Loopback interface MFR Multilink Frame Relay bundle interface Multilink Multilink-group interface Null Null interface Serial Serial Tunnel Tunnel interface Vif PGM Multicast Host interface Virtual Virtual interface Virtual-PPP Virtual PPP interface Virtual-Template Virtual Template interface Virtual-TokenRing Virtual TokenRing aarp Appletalk ARP traffic stream or responder appletalk Appletalk traffic stream arp IP ARP traffic stream or responder. cdp CDP traffic stream clns CLNS traffic stream datalink Datalink traffic stream. decnet DECnet traffic stream flow flow hex HEX only traffic stream icmp ICMP traffic stream icmpv6 ICMPv6 traffic stream Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-11 add - Adding a Traffic Stream igmp ip ipv6 ipx mixed-interface pkts-packet sequence sniffer-file tcp template udp IGMP traffic stream IP traffic stream IPv6 traffic stream IPX traffic stream Mixed interface Get a packet from the PKTS capture buffer, sequence Get packets from a sniffer file. TCP traffic stream compiled template UDP traffic stream add template [timestamp] Creates a traffic stream that allows you to define a packet on an interface and define how the packet is to be sent out the interface. The options for template are: hex—No headers or fields and just hex data, datalink—Datalink header only. ip, arp, appletalk, aarp, ipx, clns, decnet —Datalink and network headers. tcp, udp, icmp, igmp—Datalink, IP network, and transport headers. ipv6, icmpv6, cdp—Special templates to create the respective filters. They translate to the following set of commands: add ipv6 add ip layer 3 ipv6 add icmpv6 add icmp layer 4 icmpv6 add cdp add ip layer 3 cdp If the timestamp keyword is included, a timestamp configurable field is added to the data array of the packet. The TGN program writes a timestamp in this field just before transmitting the packet. For more information on timestamps, see field type timestamp in field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields (page 2-211 . add pkts-packet [pkt # [to to-pkt#]\ [filter-with {active-display-filters | pkts-filter-name}] [tag] [timestamp] Creates a traffic stream based on an existing packet in the PKTS program capture buffer, pkt# is the number of the packet in the currently active capture buffer in the PKTS program, or a range of packets. Use the filter-with option to select packets by applying the active display filters to the specified range, or to apply a specific filter. The tag option selects the tagged packets in the PKTS buffer in the specified range. TGN picks a best match template for the packet. Any additional packet data beyond the template headers is copied into the data array. For IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP and IGMP headers, the length and checksum fields are set to auto in the new traffic streams. If the packet from PKTS is for a different media than the TGN interface, you must update and correct the datalink header. 2-12 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential all - Updating Multiple Traffic Streams When a packet is captured with subinterface (ios-dependent) capture, PKTS does not know the L2-header for the packet. Hence, it is not copied into the traffic stream. If the timestamp keyword is included, a timestamp configurable field is added to the data array of the packet. The TGN program writes a timestamp in this field just before transmitting the packet. For more information on timestamps, see field type timestamp in field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields (page 2-21) . add interface ts-name-or-number Creates a traffic steam by cloning an existing traffic stream. The traffic stream to be cloned is identified by the interface it is configured on and its name or number. If the cloned interfaces are on different media than the original, the datalink header cannot be duplicated, and you must define the datalink fields in the cloned traffic stream (see L2-.... - Updating the Datalink Header Definition (page 2-1) 1. add mixed-interface [primary | secondary slot-number ] ts-name-or-number Creates a traffic stream by cloning an existing traffic stream from a mixed interface. add {arp | aarp} responder Creates a process that responds to ARP requests for a specific IP or AppleTalk address with an ARP response. This allows a router under test to fill its ARP cache, so it can forward a packet onto a local network. add {decnet | clns} hello-generator Creates a process that sends end-node hello packets every 30 seconds to simulate an active station for the DECnet and CLNS protocols. A router needs to receive end-node hellos for these protocols, so it knows which interface a station is on and the station’s MAC address. add sniffer-file url Adds a batch of traffic streams from an .ENC sniffer file or a .pcap/.cap libpcap file or a .cap netxray file to the currently selected interface, regardless of the media type. The file is read in using the IOS File System (IFS). The use of url is similar to loading a configuration from IFS (see load-config - Loading a Configuration from IFS (page 2-291 ). add sequence Creates a traffic stream containing a sequence of packets. Each packet in the sequence is defined with a separate traffic stream. The sequence is defined with a list of references to traffic streams with packet definitions (see sequence - Adding and Updating Packet Sequences (page 2-3 8)1 . add flow Creates a traffic stream containing a sequence of packets. Each packet (member) in the flow is defined with a separate traffic stream (see flow - Adding and Updating Packet Flows (page 2-25)) . clear - Clearing Configurations or Counters (page 2-16) delete - Deleting One or Several Traffic Streams (page 2-19) expand - Expanding a Traffic Stream into Multiple Copies (page 2-20) insert-at - Inserting a Traffic Stream (page 2-27) all - Updating Multiple Traffic Streams all [ template] [from ts-name-or-number [to ts-name-or-number ]] Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-13 all - Updating Multiple Traffic Streams Preceding a command that updates a traffic stream configuration with the keyword all causes the command to be applied to all traffic streams. In non-broadcast mode, the command is applied to all TGN traffic streams on the selected interface. In broadcast mode, all is implied, and the command is applied to all TGN traffic streams on all interfaces (see bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second (page 2-15) 1. For how broadcast mode works on flow traffic streams, see Effect of Broadcast Mode and all Commands on Flow Traffic Streams (page 2-151 . In both cases, commands that update header field definitions only apply to traffic streams of the same template as the currently selected traffic stream. For example, if the currently selected traffic stream is a TCP template, the command updates TCP traffic streams only. template Limits the command to only traffic streams of a specific template. Valid templates are: datalink ip arp arp responder tcp udp icmp igmp appletalk aarp aarp responder ipx decnet decnet hello-generator clns clns hello-generator from ts-name-or-number [to ts-name-or-number\ Limits the command to a specific range of traffic streams. You can identify the traffic streams by name or number. If identifying by name, you must enter the Hill exact name. If you are in broadcast mode, both traffic stream names must refer to traffic streams on the same interface. The command is applied to the selected range on all interfaces. If in non-broadcast mode, traffic stream names must be on the currently selected interface. Examples all length 1000 Sets all traffic streams to send packets of 1000 byte length. all ip L3-dest-addr 100.1.1.1 Sets all traffic streams with an ip template (note that this excludes tcp, udp, icmp, and igmp templates) to have a destination IP address of 100.1.1.1. all from 5 to 10 rate 3000 Sets all traffic streams from number 5 to 10 to send packets at 3000 packets per second (pps). all tcp from 10 L4-dest-port 68 2-14 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second Sets all traffic streams with a tcp template, starting with number 10 to the last traffic stream on the interface, to have a TCP destination port address of 68. bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second bit-rate bits-per-second Sets the traffic transmission rate. This command is useful when high precision is required. ordered-traffic - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling (page 2-32) rate - Setting the Packet Send Rate (page 2-35) interval - Setting the Interval Between Sending Packets (page 2-27) variability - Defining the Variability in Packet Intervals (page 2-60) show rate - Displaying Traffic Stream Rates (page 2-55) broadcast - Broadcast Mode broadcast [on | off] The broadcast command puts the TGN program in broadcast mode. This mode is reflected in the command prompts in that the selected interface and traffic stream number are replaced by the word “Broadcast.” Broadcast mode allows all traffic streams (or a subset with the all modifier) on all interfaces to be reviewed and updated. In broadcast mode, the all command is implicit, since the purpose of the mode is to affect all traffic streams, but you have to include the all keyword to use the “template” or “traffic stream range” options (see all - Updating Multiple Traffic Streams (page 2-13)) . In broadcast mode, commands that update header field definitions only apply to traffic streams of the same template as the currently selected traffic stream. For example, if the currently selected traffic stream is a TCP template, the command updates TCP traffic streams only. You can use either broadcast or broadcast on to go to broadcast mode, and tgn or broadcast off to turn broadcast mode off. Effect of Broadcast Mode and all Commands on Flow Traffic Streams The following occurs when you are in flow mode and using broadcast mode and the all commands: • If a flow traffic stream matches the specified criteria, the broadcast mode commands and all commands that are applicable to flow traffic streams (delayed-start, rate, interval, off, and on commands) update the flow traffic stream but do not affect its members. • If a flow traffic stream matches the specified criteria, the broadcast mode commands and all commands that are not applicable to flow traffic streams but are applicable to flow members (that is, the send command), do not affect the flow traffic stream but update all its members. • If a flow traffic stream matches the specified criteria, the broadcast mode commands and all commands that update header field definitions update all its members. For example, if 4 is a flow traffic stream, all the following commands update all members of flow traffic stream 4: Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-15 burst - Sending Traffic Stream in Bursts k4700-p(TGN: OFF,EtO:2/8)#all from 2 to 6 send 8 k4700-p(TGN: OFF,EtO:2/8)#all from 2 to S L3-des 2.3.4.5 k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:2/8)#br on k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Broadcast)#all from 2 to 6 L3-des 2.3.4.5 k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Broadcast)#all from 2 to G send 8 In the following example, the off, on, and delayed-start commands (which are all commands and broadcast mode commands) update flow traffic stream 4, but not its members. However, the repeat command does not affect the flow or the flow members, because the command is not available for flow traffic streams or flow members. The last command in the example updates all members of the flow with tcp templates. k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:2/8)#all from 2 to G off k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Et0:2/8)#all from 2 to G delayed-start 4 k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:2/8)#br on k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Broadcast)#all from 2 to G on k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Broadcast)#all from 2 to G delayed-start 4 k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Broadcast)#all from 2 to G repeat 4 k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:2/8)#br on k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:2/8)#all from 2 to G repeat 4 k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:2/8)#all tcp from 2 to G send 20 burst - Sending Traffic Stream in Bursts burst {on | off) burst duration on nl [to n2\ burst duration off nl [to n2] TGN can send a traffic stream continuously or in bursts. With the command burst off, the traffic stream is sent continuously. The command burst on causes the traffic stream to be sent in bursts. The burst duration on and burst duration off commands determine how long, in milliseconds, the burst will be on and off. If only nl is specified, the burst is on or off for the specified amount of time. If nl and n2 are entered (n2 must be greater than n I ), the duration is random within the time range specified by nl and n2. For example: rate 1000 burst on burst duration on 1000 to 10000 burst duration off 5000 to 10000 This combination of commands causes the traffic stream to send packets at 1000 pps for one second, wait for 5 to 10 seconds, send packets for one second, wait for 5 to 10 seconds, and so on. show burst - Displaying Burst Configurations (page 2-44) clear - Clearing Configurations or Counters clear {all | config | count} These commands clear configurations, counters, or log files. They affect all traffic streams in both flow and non-flow mode, including all flow members. clear all clear config Both of these two commands delete all TGN traffic streams configured on all interfaces. delete - Deleting One or Several Traffic Streams (page 2-19) 2-16 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential close-logfile - Closing an Open IFS Log File clear count Traffic streams keep a count of the number of packets they have sent. This sets the send count for all traffic streams to zero. close-logfile - Closing an Open IFS Log File close-logfile Closes an IFS log file that was opened with the open-logfile command. IQS File System (page 1-10) open-logfile - Opening an IFS Log File (page 2-31) write - Writing Information to an IFS Log File (page 2-61) data - Setting Data in a Data Array data starting-byte-offset “hex-data-string ” Creates and updates a traffic stream data array. The default is that a data array does not appear when the traffic stream configuration is displayed. starting-byte-offset Specifies where the data being defined starts in the data array. “ hex-data-string ” Specifies the string of hex numbers to put into the data array. For example, to create a data array and put data into it: data 24 "24 11" This example creates a data array 26 bytes long, writes the hex number 24 into location 24, and the hex number 11 into location 25. Since this is creating the array, the locations from 0 to 23 are set to zero. If the example was updating an existing data array of at least 26 bytes length, only locations 24 and 25 would be updated. If we display the traffic stream configuration, we will see the following: J data-length 26 ! 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 data 0 "00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00" data 20 "00 00 00 00 24 11" i data-length - Setting the Data Array Length (page 2-17) data-length - Setting the Data Array Length data-length length Sets how much of the data array to use when a packet is created, length is the data array length in bytes. If length is set to less than the data in the data array, only that reduced portion of the data array is used. If it is set to greater than the data array, the size of the data array is increased and padded with zeros. Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-17 datalink - Specifying the Datalink Header Encapsulation If the data command is used to add data to the data array and it increases the size of the array, data-length is updated to the new data array size. data - Setting Data in a Data Array (page 2-17) datalink - Specifying the Datalink Header Encapsulation datalink user-defined [hex] datalink ios-dependent [subinterface-name] Specifies how the datalink header is assembled. By default, it is assembled with user-defined header field values. The hex option configures the datalink header as a hex string, which can be configured using the commands L2-data and L2-data-length. This allows a packet with any datalink header to be transmitted over an interface (see Example of Unknown Datalink Header with IP and TCP Headers (page A- 1] ]. For a subset of built-in packet templates (currently only IP-based protocol header templates), the datalink command provides an additional option of assembling the datalink header through the Cisco IOS media stack. When a traffic stream is configured with the ios-dependent option in combination with a subinterface name, the datalink protocol header is encapsulated according to the subinterface configuration on the router. This makes media without built-in protocol header templates and/or subinterfaces more compatible with the application. This feature is not supported on distributed CPUs. L2-.... - Updating the Datalink Header Definition (page 2-1) Defining and Sending TGN Packets on a Subinterface (page 1-51 IQS-Dependent Datalink Header Update Commands (page 2-2] delayed-start - Delaying Start of Packet Generation delayed-start {random | n {milliseconds | microseconds | nanoseconds}} Defines how long a traffic stream waits after a start command before sending its first packet. This command is per traffic stream. delayed-start random Sets the delay to be a random value within the traffic stream packet interval (this is the default mode). For example, if the packet rate is 10 pps, packet interval is 100 milliseconds, and the start delay is random from 0 to 100 milliseconds. This assumes TGN is used as a network exerciser, and the traffic streams are not starting all at once. delayed-start n {milliseconds | microseconds | nanoseconds} Allows the tester to define the delay. The delay can be defined in milliseconds, microseconds, or nanoseconds, whichever is most convenient. For backward compatibility with previous releases, milliseconds is assumed if the time interval is left off. TGN uses an IOS clock that has .23 nanosecond resolution, but the real limitation here is in the time it take the software to read the clock. Following are times between back-to-back reads of the clock on specific platforms. First read 2-18 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential delete - Deleting One or Several Traffic Streams platform Clock routine not in cache Clock routine in cache 2500 29.9 microseconds 4000 20.9 4700 6.1 7200 2.3 RSP4 2.3 VIP-40 5.2 29.9 microseconds 20.9 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.9 show name - Displaying Traffic Stream Names and Delaved-Start Information (page 2-51) delete - Deleting One or Several Traffic Streams delete traffic-stream [ template ] [from nl to n2\ Deletes specific traffic streams. Use the clear all command to delete all traffic streams (see clear - Clearing Configurations or Counters (page 2-161 '). Deleting a flow also deletes all members of the flow. delete traffic-stream Deletes the currently selected traffic stream. delete traffic-stream template Deletes traffic streams that match the template name. For example, delete traffic-stream ipx deletes all IPX traffic streams on the currently selected interface if TGN is in non-broadcast mode. It deletes all IPX traffic streams from all interfaces if in broadcast mode. delete traffic-stream from nl to n2 Deletes traffic streams that fall within the range of traffic stream numbers. For example, delete traffic-stream from 5 to 10 deletes all traffic streams from number 5 to 10 on the currently selected interface if TGN is in non-broadcast mode. It deletes all traffic streams from 5 to 10 on all interfaces if in broadcast mode. delete traffic-stream template from nl to n2 Deletes traffic streams that match the template name and fall within the range of traffic stream numbers. For example, delete traffic-stream ipx from 5 to 10 deletes all IPX traffic streams from number 5 to 10 on the currently selected interface if TGN is in non-broadcast mode. It deletes all IPX traffic streams from 5 to 10 on all interfaces if in broadcast mode. This command helps send out complex traffic more quickly. Updating a packet with changing length and data can cause length fields to be updated and checksums to be recalculated, which reduces the maximum send rate. If the memory is available, you can create multiple traffic streams that do not need to be updated so that they can be sent at a faster rate. expand n Expands the currently selected traffic stream into the specified number of traffic streams. expand imix [packet-mix packet_length_list\ Expands the currently selected traffic stream by creating a set of IMIX traffic streams. If packet-mix is specified, the traffic stream is expanded into the specified number of streams with the specified lengths in packet JengthJist. If packet-mix is not specified, the traffic stream is expanded into 12 traffic streams of the following lengths in this order: 64 64 570 64 64 570 64 1518 570 64 64 570 Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-19 field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields You can use this command with a flow member to send out the IMIX traffic in order. Note The expand command makes it easy to create lots of traffic streams, but each traffic stream takes up router memory. If you use up all the free memory, the router crashes. The number of traffic streams you can safely create depends on the amount of router free memory (use show memory at exec) and the size and complexity of the packet definitions. Leave a couple of megabytes of memory free for router processes and stacks. flow - Adding and Updating Packet Flows (page 2-25) field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields field add field-name field insert-at {field # \ field-name] name field [field # | select field-name] field [field # | select field-name] delete field [field # | select field-name] name field-name field [field # | select field-name] type (ip | n {decimal | hex | bed} bytes | timestamp | ascii} field [field # | select field-name] start-at sign-post offset bytes field [field # | select field-name] data {number | ip-address} field [field # | select field-name] data [increment | random] {number \ ip-address} to {number \ ip-address} [no-reset] field [field # | select field-name] data [iterate-thru [num-values n] start-index i values CSV [nest-over field-name] [no-reset]] field [field # | select field-name] data ascii-string These commands are used to create, delete, and maintain configurable fields in a traffic stream packet definition. Configurable fields can be used to augment the field definitions supplied by the templates. They define where a field starts in a packet, how long it is, the format of the data, and what the data in the field is, whether constant, incrementing, or random. When you use the [field # | select field-name] option, the specified field becomes the current field. If you do not specify a field number or field name, the command is applied to the current field (the field last accessed or modified). end - Exiting the TGN Command Prompt end quit Either of these two commands can be used to exit from the TGN program command prompt and return to the router exec command prompt. The TGN program continues to run; only the command prompt changes. If you exit the TGN command prompt when in flow mode, you will be in flow mode when you reenter the TGN prompt. The same occurs with the pkts and filter commands. expand - Expanding a Traffic Stream into Multiple Copies expand {n | imix [packet-mix packet_length_list]} 2-20 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields Makes copies of the currently selected traffic stream. In flow mode or when using the flow command, the expand command makes copies of the currently selected flow member. If the original traffic stream has incrementing, random, or iterating fields, the new traffic streams have constant values in the fields, but are incremented, iterated, or random for each additional traffic stream. This command helps send out complex traffic more quickly. Updating a packet with changing length and data can cause length fields to be updated and checksums to be recalculated, which reduces the maximum send rate. If the memory is available, you can create multiple traffic streams that do not need to be updated so that they can be sent at a faster rate. expand n Expands the currently selected traffic stream into the specified number of traffic streams. expand imix [packet-mix packet_length_Iist\ Expands the currently selected traffic stream by creating a set of IMIX traffic streams. If packet-mix is specified, the traffic stream is expanded into the specified number of streams with the specified lengths in packetJengthJist. If packet-mix is not specified, the traffic stream is expanded into 12 traffic streams of the following lengths in this order: 64 64 570 64 64 570 64 1518 570 64 64 570 You can use this command with a flow member to send out the IMIX traffic in order. Note The expand command makes it easy to create lots of traffic streams, but each traffic stream takes up router memory. If you use up all the free memory, the router crashes. The number of traffic streams you can safely create depends on the amount of router free memory (use show memory at exec) and the size and complexity of the packet definitions. Leave a couple of megabytes of memory free for router processes and stacks. flow - Adding and Updating Packet Flows (page 2-25) field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields field add field-name field insert-at {field# \ field-name} name field {field# | select field-name} field field# | select field-name] delete field [field# | select field-name] name field-name field [field# | select field-name] type {ip | n {decimal | hex} bytes | timestamp] field [field# | select field-name] start-at sign-post offset bytes field [field# | select field-name] data {number | ip-address} field [field# | select field-name] data [increment | random] {number \ ip-address} to {number \ ip-address} [no-reset] field [field# | select field-name ] data [iterate-thru [num-values /?] start-index i values CSV [nest-over field-name ] [no-reset]] These commands are used to create, delete, and maintain configurable fields in a traffic stream packet definition. Configurable fields can be used to augment the field definitions supplied by the templates. They define where a field starts in a packet, how long it is, the format of the data, and what the data in the field is, whether constant, incrementing, or random. Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-21 field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields When you use the [field# | select field-name] option, the specified field becomes the current field. If you do not specify a field number or field name, the command is applied to the current field (the field last accessed or modified). field add field-name Adds a configurable field, which becomes the current field. You must give the field a name. The limit is 20 alpha-numeric characters; spaces are allowed. field insert-at [field # \ field-name] name Creates a configurable field that is inserted in front of an existing field, identified by its number or name. The new field becomes the current field. You must give the new field a name. The limit is 20 alpha-numeric characters; spaces are allowed. field [field # | select field-name] delete Deletes an existing configurable field, identified by its number or name. The next lower field becomes the current field. field [field # | select field-name] name field-name Changes the name assigned to a field. field [field # | select field-name] type ip field [field # | select field-name] type n {decimal | hex | bed} bytes field [field# | select field-name] type timestamp field [field # | select field-name] type ascii These commands define the field type. It can be an IP address field, a hex number, decimal field, BCD field from 1 to 4 bytes long, or an 8 byte timestamp or an ASCII string. For hex and decimal fields, there is no difference in data entry. Decimal or hex (with leading Ox) values can be input into either type. This only affects how the field data is displayed. For ASCII fields, the data is entered in the form of an ASCII string. For BCD fields, the value entered is treated as BCD data. For example, these commands configure the first byte of the field as 8 and the second byte as 9: field type 2 bed field data 89 Timestamp field data cannot be entered. The TGN program updates this field with the IOS timestamp before the packet is transmitted. This occurs before any transport checksums are calculated, so that the timestamp can be added into a valid TCP or UDP packet. Turn off transport checksumming if the checksum is not important to the test. For more information, see Using TGN and PKTS Timestamps to Measure Latency (page 5-1) . field [field # | select field-name] start-at sign-post offset bytes Defines where the field starts in the packet relative to well-known locations or “sign posts,” and what the positive offset is from the sign post. Valid arguments for sign-post are: packet-start mac-address-start dsap-address-start network-start transport-start data-array-start packet-end 2-22 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential field - Adding and Updating Configurable Fields Note For packet-end, the offset has be entered as a positive integer but is used as negative offset from the end of packet. Example of configuring a signature of 0x11223344 on the last 4 bytes of traffic stream packets tgn field add signature tgn field type 4 hex tgn field start-at packet-end offset 4 tgn field data 0x11223344 field {field# | select field-name] data {number | ip-address} field {field# | select field-name'] data [increment | random] { number \ ip-address } to {number \ ip-address} [no-reset] field {field# | select field-name] data [iterate-thru [num-values /?] start-index i values CSV [nest-over field-name} [no-reset]] Puts data into the configurable field. The input data has to match what the field is configured for, whether an IP address or number (decimal or hex). The data can be entered as a constant value (the default), or incremented or random between a specified range. This cannot be used for a timestamp field. When a field is configured as iterate-thru, the set of values must be specified in as comma separated values (CSV) with no space in between. The format depends on the type of the field. The following formats are supported for CSV Decimal fields—Decimal or hex format. IP address fields—Must be specified in Dotted Decimal Notation. For example, 127.1.3.10 MAC address fields—Must be specified in x.x.x format. Note If there are spaces between the comma separated values, they are ignored, and the entire set of values must be enclosed in quotes. For example: L4-dest-port start-index 0 values “1,2, 3, 4”. All incrementing and random fields are reset when traffic generation is started, unless the no-reset option is specified. Examples field add internal-nets Adds a configurable field named “internal-nets.” field 1 start-at data-array-start offset 0 field select internal-nets start-at data-array-start offset 0 field start-at data-array-start offset 0 All three commands do the same thing: they start the field "internal-nets” (field number 1) at the beginning of the data array. field 1 data 25 Assigns the field a value of 25. field 1 type 2 decimal bytes field select internal-nets type 2 decimal bytes field type 2 decimal bytes Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-23 fill-pattern - Defining Data Pattern to Fill Packet All three commands do the same thing: they make the field 2 bytes long, with its data displayed in decimal. The above commands result in a configurable field that displays as follows: field 1 field name "internal-nets" field type 2 decimal bytes field start-at data-array-start offset 0 field data 25 In the following example, assume that there are already five configurable fields, and we want to insert a field into the sequence at number 3. field insert-at 3 server-address Inserts a new configurable field named “server-address” in front of the current configurable field 3. The new field becomes field number 3. field 3 start-at data-array-start offset 10 Starts the field “server-address” at data array byte 10. field 3 type ip Specifies that the field will have IP address data, field data random 100.200.1.1 to 100.200.1.255 Specifies that the IP address data is random from 100.200.1.1 to 100.200.1.255. The above commands result in a configurable field that displays as follows: field 3 field name "server address" field type ip field start-at data-array-start offset 10 field data random 100.200.1.1 to 100.200.1.255 Iterating fields: field type ip field iterate-thru start-index 0 values 1.1.1.1,2.2.2.2,3.3.3.3 field type decimal field iterate-thru start-index 3 values 1,0x100,50 ASCII field: field type ascii field data "string-value" fill-pattern - Defining Data Pattern to Fill Packet fill-pattern {start-byte increment-by | random [with-update]} When a traffic stream creates a packet to send, it first uses any L2, L3, and L4 headers configured by the user. It then adds any data array information. If the packet is to be longer than the headers and data array, it uses a fill pattern to create the remaining bytes of the packet. The random option fills the bytes with randomly generated data. If with-update is specified, the random data is updated for every packet sent out. Otherwise, the random data is generated only once and used for all the packets in the traffic stream. 2-24 TON (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential filter - PKTS-FILTER Command Prompt Mode The fill pattern is not random. It is defined by a starting byte value and an increment value that all subsequent bytes are incremented by. By default, start-byte is 0x0, and increment-by is 0x01. filter - PKTS-FILTER Command Prompt Mode filter Switches to the PKTS program PKTS-FILTER command prompt mode to define PKTS selective filters. See also pkts - PKTS Command Prompt (page 2-34) . flow - Adding and Updating Packet Flows The following commands, when preceded by the keyword flow, allow you to add and update flows from the TGN prompt. You can also use these commands without the flow keyword from flow mode (see Using Flow Mode (page 1-81 1. To exit flow mode and return to tgn mode, use the tgn command. While in flow mode, you can use the pkts, filter, and end commands, which exit the TGN command prompt. When the TGN prompt is exited from flow mode, you will be in flow mode when you reenter the TGN command prompt. end - Exiting the TGN Command Prompt (page 2-201 filter - PKTS-FILTER Command Prompt Mode (page 2-251 pkts - PKTS Command Prompt (page 2-34) The add and insert-at commands add or insert new members into the flow. They are similar to the add ( add -Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-10) 1 and insert-at ( insert-at - Inserting a Traffic Stream (page 2-27) 1 commands. add template [timestamp] add pkts-packet pkt# \to pkt#\ [timestamp] add interface ts-name-or-number add mixed-interface [primary \ secondaiy slot-number] ts-name-or-number add sniffer-file url insert-at ts-name-or-number template [timestamp] insert-at ts-name-or-number pkts-packet pkt # [timestamp] insert-at ts-name-or-number interface ts-name-or-number {member# | select name-or-number} —Selects a flow member for update or review, name character-string —Assigns a name to a member, limited to 39 characters, all [template] [from member-name-or-number [to member-name-or-number]] —Configures a group of flow members. delete [ member-name-or-number] —Deletes the specified member. If no member is specified, it deletes the currently selected member. interval milliseconds —Specifies the interval between consecutive members in the packet flow. If the interval is zero, those two members are sent consecutively. The following commands behave the same as those at the normal TGN command prompt: start | start send | s | stop (see start/stop - Starting and Stopping Traffic Generation (page 2-59)) clear [all | conlig | count] (see clear - Clearing Configurations or Counters (page 2-161 1 on | off (see on/off- Activating or Deactivating a Traffic Stream (page 2-31 )) expand n (see expand - Expanding a Traffic Stream into Multiple Copies (page 2-2011 show (see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 1 write (see write - Writing Information to an IFS Log File (page 2-61B Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-25 fragmentation - Configuring IP Fragmentation fragmentation - Configuring IP Fragmentation fragmentation {enable [mtu {auto | number of_bytes}\ | disable} Enables or disables fragmentation. If fragmentation is enabled, it is only active in process output mode. This command does not have any effect in fast, dedicated, and optimal send modes. If fragmentation is enabled and mtu is specified as auto, the MTU of the outgoing interface is used. fragmentation {option-data offset hex-string | option-length length} Configures IP options as a hex string that is copied into fragments (except the first fragment). The IP options configured by the commands L3-option-length and L3-option-data are copied into the first fragment. When fragmentation is enabled, the large packet is first fully constructed, that is, all the incrementing, iterating, or random fields (including user-configured fields created with the field command) are updated. The resulting IP datagram is fragmented if the packet length is greater than the MTU specified. IP fragmentation is performed as specified by RFC 791. The following fields in the IP header are copied unmodified into each of the fragments from the original packet: version, TOS, Identification, TTL, Protocol, Source Address, Destination Address For each fragment, flags (3-bits) are set as follows: Reserved bit, Don’t Fragment bit—Set to 0 More Fragments bit—Set to 0 for the last fragment and 1 for other fragments Fragment offset is calculated and updated for each fragment. For the flags and fragment offset fields, the user-configured value is ignored in the fragments. The fields Header-length, Total-length, and Header-checksum in the IP headers of the fragments are updated as per the configurations in the original packet definition. If a field is configured as auto, the field in each fragment is calculated and updated. If the field is configured as constant, incrementing, or random, the same value is copied into each of the fragments. fragmentation drop-fragments {enable [mode {random | constant {last | num}}\ | disable} Enables fragment dropping. By default, this is disabled. When drop-fragments is enabled, the default mode is random. When mode is set to random, TGN randomly picks the fragment to be dropped. When mode is set to constant last, TGN drops the last fragment. If there is only one fragment, it is dropped, and no fragment is sent. When mode is set to constant num, if the length is constant and num is set to greater than the number of resulting fragments, no fragments are dropped. Use the show command to display the fragmentation-related configuration of a traffic stream. When fragmentation is enabled, you can configure packets of length 65535 bytes (max-length of an IP packet). This can be done with the length, data-length, or data commands. output-mode - Setting the Output Mode (page 2-32) show - Displaying a Traffic Stream or Flow Member (page 2-40) show fragments-sent - Displaying Number of Fragments Sent (page 2-48) show packet fragments - Displaying IP Packet Fragments (page 2-53) length - Setting Packet Length, (page 2-28 ) data-length - Setting the Data Array Length, (page 2-17 ) 2-26 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential insert-at - Inserting a Traffic Stream insert-at - Inserting a Traffic Stream This command is identical to the add command, except that insert-at inserts the new traffic stream in front of an existing traffic stream rather than just adding it at the end. The insert-at command takes the following arguments. For more details on implementing these commands, see add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-10) . insert-at ts-name-or-number template [timestamp] Creates a traffic stream based on a template. insert-at ts-name-or-number pkts-packet pkt# [timestamp] Creates a traffic stream based on a packet in PKTS capture buffer. insert-at ts-name-or-number interface ts-name-or-number Creates a traffic stream by cloning an existing traffic stream. The traffic stream to be cloned is identified by the interface it is on and by its name or number. insert-at ts-name-or-number {arp | aarp} responder Creates an IP or AppleTalk ARP responder. insert-at ts-name-or-number {decnet | clns] hello-generator Creates a DECnet or CLNS hello-generator. interval - Setting the Interval Between Sending Packets interval milliseconds Sets the traffic stream sending rate. This command, which is an alternate to the rate command, is useful when specifying slow send rates. If the interface is configured for ordered traffic scheduling, the interval represents the time between the scheduled departure of the traffic stream and the next traffic stream on the interface list. ordered-traffic - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling (page 2-32] rate - Setting the Packet Send Rate (page 2-351 bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second (page 2-151 variability - Defining the Variability in Packet Intervals (page 2-60) show rate - Displaying Traffic Stream Rates [page 2-551 isl-crc-added - Adding CRC to ISL Packets isl-crc-added [off | hardware | software] This command only appears on IOS interfaces that support ISL. An ISL packet must have a CRC or FCS that is calculated over the encapsulated packet. It is placed after the encapsulated packet data. The default is off. This must be set to off if the traffic stream does not define an ISL packet. isl-crc-added hardware Invokes the interface hardware to calculate and add the ISL CRC. This mode allows ISL packets to be generated fast, with no impact on NQR. Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-27 layer - Replacing the Template for a Specific Layer The limitation is that the hardware also updates most of the ISL datalink header with valid information. This helps create a valid ISL packet, but overwrites the datalink header data set in the NQR traffic stream definition. If you are using datalink ios-dependent isl-subinterface, you must activate this mode if you are using output-mode fast or output-mode dedicated. This mode does not work with output-mode optimal. See datalink - Specifying the Datalink Header Encapsulation (page 2-181 and output-mode - Setting the Output Mode (page 2-321 . isl-crc-added software Uses a software routine in Pagent to calculate and add the ISL CRC. The value of this mode is that the datalink header defined by NQR is not changed by the transmission hardware, but there is a performance impact. This mode does not work on a 7500 VIP. If you need to use this mode on a 7500 VIP interface, you must use the RP (primary processor) and not the VIP (secondary processor) to transmit the packets. See secondary - Selecting a SECONDARY Processor for Transmission (page 2-37) . This mode does not work with output-mode optimal. layer - Replacing the Template for a Specific Layer See layer - Replacing the Template for a Specific Laver (page 2-9) . length - Setting Packet Length length auto length packet-length length increment min-length to max-length [by inc-by] length random min-length to max-length [by inc-by] length iterate-thru start-index i [num-values n] values CSV These commands set the length of a traffic stream’s packets. length auto Sets the packet length to the length of the L2, L3 and L4 headers (depending on the template) plus the data array. The fill pattern is not added to the packet. length packet-length Sets the packet to a constant byte length. The length can be less than the data array and the headers (I hope you know what you're doing). If the length is greater than the headers and data array, the fill pattern is used to define the additional bytes in the packet. length increment min-length to max-length [by inc-by] Increments a traffic stream’s packet from min-length to max-length. By default, the increment is by 1 byte to max-length and restarts at min-length. To specify another amount, use the inc-by option. length random min-length to max-length [by inc-by] Causes a traffic stream’s packet length to be random from min-length to max-length. By default, the random length can be any value from min-length to max-length. The inc-by option causes the packet length to be min-length plus multiples of inc-by, instead of multiples of 1. 2-28 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential load-config - Loading a Configuration from IFS length iterate-thru start-index i [num-values /?] values CSV Causes a traffic stream’s packet length to take the specified values. The values must be specified as decimal or hex. Note On Ethernet interfaces, if length is specified as > 1514 bytes, TGN automatically truncates the packet to 1514 bytes without warning. An exception to this behavior is only when fragmentation is enabled. fragmentation - Configuring IP Fragmentation, (page 2-26 1 load-config - Loading a Configuration from IFS load-config url [append] Loads a TGN traffic stream configuration file from IFS. It first deletes all existing traffic streams on all interfaces unless the append option is configured. It then reads in and executes the commands in the requested configuration file to create new traffic streams. The traffic stream configuration file was created with the save-config command. Examples If you enter load-config ?, the program displays which file systems are available on the router. c7513a-(TGN:Et0/0/0:none)#load- config ? bootflash: Load config from bootflash: diskO: Load config from diskO: diskl: Load config from diskl: flash: Load config from flash: null: Load config from null: nvram: Load config from nvram: pram: Load config from pram: rep: Load config from rep: slavebootflash: Load config from slavebootflash slavenvram: Load config from slavenvram: slaveslotO: Load config from slaveslotO: slaveslotl: Load config from slaveslotl: slotO: Load config from slotO: slotl: Load config from slotl: system: Load config from system: tftp: Load config from tftp: If you enter just the file system name, the program prompts you for the remaining information. For example, you want to load a TGN configuration from TFTP server 192.1.1.2, and read the file /tftpboot/tgn/test/traffic 1. c7513a-(TGN:Et0/0/0:2 of 2)#load tftp Address or name of remote host []? 192.1.1.2 IFS filename []? tgn/test/trafficl Please wait until 'Load Complete' message. C7513a-(TGN:Et0/0/0:none)# Loading tgn/test/trafficl from 192.1.1.2 (via EthernetO/O/O): ! [OK - 2360/4096 bytes] Load Complete. Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-29 max-bit-rate - Setting Interface Bandwidth Control If the complete URL is entered, the program does not prompt for more information. In a TCL script, you must use the complete URL, because CSCCON does not know how to respond to TGN IFS prompts. The following example shows using the command from the router exec with a complete URL. c7513a-pagent#tgn load tftp://192.1.1.2/tgn/test/trafficl Please wait until 'Load Complete' message. c7513a-pagent# Loading tgn/test/trafficl from 192.1.1.2 (via EthernetO/O/O): ! [ok - 2360/4096 bytes] Load Complete. If you need help in creating a URL, first open a file using the IFS prompts. You can then use the show global command to see the complete URL. replace - Selectively replacing IP Address and TCP/UDP Port Number (page 2-361 IQS File System (page 1-10) show global - Displaying Global Parameters (page 2-47) max-bit-rate - Setting Interface Bandwidth Control max-bit-rate {bits-per-second | off; Specifies the maximum bits-per-second rate allowed on the currently selected interface or, under broadcast mode, all interfaces. It calculates an interval based on the rate and size of the packet just transmitted by TGN. The next scheduled packet on the same interface is transmitted after the interval has elapsed. Use the keyword off to turn the feature off. show interface config - Displaying Interface Configurations [page 2-491 mixed-interface - Defining Traffic Streams on a Mixed Interface mixed-interface [on | off] By default, TGN traffic streams are organized in a set of per-interface lists. In mixed interface mode, traffic streams are organized in a single list instead. TGN only sends the traffic streams defined in the mode under which the traffic generation command is issued. on TGN traffic streams across different interfaces (but processed by the same CPU) are organized into a single list. off TGN traffic streams are organized into multiple lists based on the interface that the traffic stream is associated with. show global - Displaying Global Parameters (page 2-471 name - Assigning a Name to a Traffic Stream name character-string Assigns a name to a traffic stream. The name is limited to 39 characters. 2-30 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential on/off - Activating or Deactivating a Traffic Stream In TGN mode, the primary purpose of this is to make it easy for a test script to select a traffic stream for updating. In Stimulus Response Engine (SRE) mode, the name is required, because SRE accesses packet definitions by name. select - Selecting a Traffic Stream by Name (page 2-371 show name - Displaying Traffic Stream Names and Delaved-Start Information (page 2-511 on/off - Activating or Deactivating a Traffic Stream Every traffic stream can be set to be active or inactive. on When a traffic stream is on, it sends packets when TGN traffic generation is started. ARP responders respond to ARP requests, and a hello-generator sends hello packets every 30 seconds. off Entering off on a traffic stream deactivates it, and it does not send out packets. An ARP responder does not respond to ARP requests, and a hello-generator does not send out hello packets. open-logfile - Opening an IFS Log File open-logfile url Opens an IFS log file before write commands are used to write data to the log file. Most IOS file systems close an inactive file after a short idle time. After the file is opened, use the write commands to log the information, with less than ten seconds delay between write requests, and then close the log file with close-logfile. If long-term logging is required, use the Pagent Remote Access Method (PRAM) file system. A PRAM log file can be kept open for hours or days. Examples If you enter open-logfile ?, the program displays which file systems are available on the router. c7513a-(TGN:Et0/0/0:2 of 2)#open bootflash: Write log file to bootflash: diskO: Write log file to diskO: diskl: Write log file to diskl: flash: Write log file to flash: lex: Write log file to lex: null: Write log file to null: nvram: Write log file to nvram: pram: Write log file to pram: rep: Write log file to rep: slavebootflash: Write log file to slavebootflash slavenvram: Write log file to slavenvram: slaveslotO: Write log file to slaveslotO: slaveslotl: Write log file to slaveslotl: slotO: Write log file to slotO: slotl: Write log file to slotl: system: Write log file to system: tftp: Write log file to tftp: Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-31 ordered-trafflc - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling If you enter just the file system name, the program prompts you for the remaining information. For example, you want to log to TFTP server 192.1.1.2 and the file /tftpboot/tgn/test/logl. c7513a-(TGN:Et0/0/0:2 of 2)#open tftp Address or name of remote host []? 192.1.1.2 IFS filename []? tgn/test/logl Now enter the write commands. If the complete URL is entered, the program does not prompt for more information. In a TCL script, you must use the complete URL, because CSCCON does not know how to respond to TGN IFS prompts. The following example shows using the command from the router exec with a complete URL. c7513a-pagent#tgn open tftp://192.1.1.2/tgn/test/logl If you need help in creating a URL, first open a file using the IFS prompts. You can then use the show global command to see the complete URL. write - Writing Information to an IFS Log File (page 2-611 IQS File System (page 1-10) close-logfile - Closing an Open IFS Log File (page 2-17) ordered-trafflc - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling ordered-traffic [on | off] Specifies whether ordered-traffic scheduling is on or off. The default is independent scheduling (off). With ordered-traffic scheduling, traffic streams on the currently selected interface or, under broadcast mode, all interfaces, are sent in the order of the traffic stream number. Currently, ordered-traffic scheduling is only supported for process and fast-send output modes. show interface config - Displaying Interface Configurations (page 2-491 output-mode - Setting the Output Mode (page 2-32] output-mode - Setting the Output Mode output-mode [all | primary | secondary {all | «}] {process | fast | dedicated | optimal} Sets the output mode (packet generation mode) on each processor. The TGN program has four different modes of sending packets: process, fast, dedicated, and optimal. The optimal mode is available only on selected processors. [all | primary | secondary {all | «}] This option is available only when there are PRIMARY and SECONDARY processors. If you use all, the output mode is set on the PRIMARY and all SECONDARY processors. This is the default if all is not entered. If you use primary, the output mode is set on only the PRIMARY processor. If you use secondary {all | «}, the output mode is set on all SECONDARY processors, or only the SECONDARY processor in slot n. {process | fast | dedicated | optimal} Selects the output mode. 2-32 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential output-mode - Setting the Output Mode process In this mode, every time a traffic stream needs to send out a packet, it allocates a paktype structure, copies in the packet headers, data array, and fill pattern, updates any incrementing or random fields, updates any length or checksum fields, sends the packet, and then releases the paktype. Note For non-IOS programmers, 10S handles all incoming and outgoing packets through a data structure called paktype, along with memory allocated through the paktype, to hold the packet. The primary advantage of process mode is that traffic streams can be added, inserted, deleted, and updated while traffic is being generated. This cannot be done in fast and dedicated modes. You can increase the output levels of this mode significantly using the repeat command. repeat - Resending Packets Repeatedly (page 2-351 This is the default output mode. In this mode, when traffic generation is started, a paktype structure is allocated to every active traffic stream and the packet headers, data array, and fill pattern are copied in. The paktype is not released until traffic generation is stopped. When it is time for a traffic stream to send out a packet, fast mode updates incrementing, random, length, and checksum fields, if needed, and sends the packet out. Fast mode is faster that process mode, since it does not need to repeatedly allocate and delete paktypes. In fast mode, the TGN program regularly releases to IOS, so that operating system, router processes, and other test programs can run. Traffic stream packets cannot be created, deleted, or updated while traffic is being output. dedicated Dedicated mode is like fast mode, except it does not release to the operating system until traffic generation is stopped. In this mode, operating system, routing processes, and other test programs do not get processing cycles. When this mode is started, it posts the following message: You have started traffic generation in dedicated output-mode. TGN will go into a send loop that locks out all other processes. Enter control-6 or shift-control-6 to stop traffic generation. This mode is significantly faster than fast mode. optimal This mode is available only on some processors. Unlike the other output modes, this makes use of specific capabilities of the hardware to send packets at higher rates. In most cases, optimal mode will have limitations that the other modes do not. The limitations can include the inability to change packet data or lengths, not support repeat, and limits on packets lengths and the number of traffic streams it can support. Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-33 prompt - Setting Command Prompt Format When this mode is selected, the program posts a message indicating what limitations that implementation has. For example: c7513a-(TGN:OFF,Et0/0/0:1/1)#output-mode secondary 3 optimal SECONDARY processor 3 optimal send: This is a special VIP optimal send packet generation mode that sacrifices the ability to update packet lengths, incrementing and random fields and bursting for faster packet generation. c7513a-(TGN:OFF,Et0/0/0:1/1)#output-mode primary optimal PRIMARY processor optimal send: This is a special RSP MEMD optimal send packet generation mode that sacrifices the ability to update packet lengths, incrementing and random fields and bursting for faster packet generation. The number of traffic streams is limited by the amount of MEMD (about 700). show global - Displaying Global Parameters (page 2-47~> show output-mode - Displaying Output Mode Information (page 2-52) prompt - Setting Command Prompt Format prompt [static | dynamic] Sets the format of the command prompt for all Pagent programs. Setting the format of the command prompt for this program also sets it for all other Pagent programs, so you only have to set it once if several programs are used. By default, the command prompt format is set for dynamic, that is, it is constantly being updated to give the tester the program’s current status. In dynamic mode, the IOS hostname in the command prompt is limited to seven characters. The static mode is for test automation scripts. With static mode, the option section of the command prompt displays “PAGENT” and the hostname is kept at its full length. TGN Command Prompt Modes (page 1-7] Using TCL Scripts (page 1-9] pkts - PKTS Command Prompt pkts Switches immediately to the PKTS program command prompt. See also filter PKTS-F1LTER Command Prompt Mode [page 2-25) . Note: We have support to configure all the pkts commands directly from TGN prompt rather than configuring by going into PKTS prompt. Below is the snapshot view for more information Router(TGN:OFF,Et0/0:none)#pkts ? <l-4294967295> Select a captured packet by number. Async Async interface BVI Bridge-Group Virtual Interface CDMA-Ix CDMA lx interface CTunnel CTunnel interface 2-34 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential rate - Setting the Packet Send Rate Dialer Dialer interface Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Group-Async Async Group interface Lex Lex interface Loopback Loopback interface MFR Multilink Frame Relay bundle interface Multilink Multilink-group interface Null Null interface Serial Serial Tunnel Tunnel interface Vif PGM Multicast Host interface Virtual-PPP Virtual PPP interface Virtual-Template Virtual Template interface Virtual-TokenRing Virtual TokenRing add-capture-buffer Create packet capture buffer in router memory, assign Configure how to decode UDP port numbers, clear Clear interface configs, filters. —More- rate - Setting the Packet Send Rate rate packets-per-second Sets the rate that a traffic stream sends packets. To define a slow rate, use the interval command. To define rate in bits per second, use the bit-rate command. interval - Setting the Interval Between Sending Packets (page 2-27] bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second (page 2-15] variability - Defining the Variability in Packet Intervals (page 2-60) show rate - Displaying Traffic Stream Rates (page 2-551 repeat - Resending Packets Repeatedly repeat #packets [with-update | no-update] Determines how many packets a traffic stream puts repeatedly on the output queue as fast as possible before looking for the next traffic stream ready to send packets. The default is 1, which means no looping. with-update Updates traffic streams with incrementing, iterating, or random packet lengths or fields with each packet sent. By default, a traffic stream is defined with no update on repeat. no-update Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-35 replace - Selectively replacing IP Address and TCP/UDP Port Number Does not update packets while in the repeat loop (the default). Caution Do not use a repeat greater than 1 on the 4500 and 4700 routers if using process output mode, because it does not release I/O packet memory. After I/O memory is used up, all you see is error messages and trace-backs. This is not a problem that affects router operation; it affects only programs like this that try to send the same packet repeatedly in a tight loop. replace - Selectively replacing IP Address and TCP/UDP Port Number replace [ L3-ipv4-addr | L3-ipv6-addr | tcp-port | udp-port ] search-val by [ replace-val | range min-val to max-val ] Searches all the streams on the selected interface for search-val in source/destination and if found replaces them by replace-val or the range (min-val to max-val) as the case may be. For Example: replace L3-ipv4-addr 10.1.1.1 by 20.1.1.1 searches all the streams on the selected interface for 10.1.1.1 in Source or destination ip and if found, replaces it by 20.1.1.1 replace L3-ipv4-addr 1000 by range 2000 to 2010 searches all the streams on the selected interface for 1000 in TCP Source or Dest port and if found, replaces it with the range 2000 to 2010 . save-config - Saving a Configuration to IFS save-config url Saves the current configuration of all TGN traffic streams to IFS. The saved configuration can be loaded later with the load-config command. Examples If you enter save-config ?, the program displays which file systems are available on the router. c7513a-(TGN:Et0/0/0:2 of 2)#save ? bootflash: Save config to bootflash: diskO: Save config to diskO: diskl: Save config to diskl: flash: Save config to flash: lex: Save config to lex: null: Save config to null: nvram: Save config to nvram: pram: Save config to pram: rep: Save config to rep: slavebootflash: Save config to slavebootflash slavenvram: Save config to slavenvram: slaveslotO: Save config to slaveslotO: slaveslotl: Save config to slaveslotl: slotO: Save config to slotO: slotl: Save config to slotl: system: Save config to system: tftp: Save config to tftp: If you enter just the file system name, the program prompts you for the remaining information. For example, you want to save the configuration to TFTP server 192.1.1.2 and the file /tftpboot/tgn/test/traffic 1. c7513a-(TGN:Et0/0/0:2 of 2)#save tftp Address or name of remote host []? 192.1.1.2 IFS filename []? tgn/test/trafficl I I 2-36 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential secondary - Selecting a SECONDARY Processor for Transmission Save complete. If the complete URL is entered, the program does not prompt for more information. In a TCL script, you must use the complete URL, because CSCCON does not know how to respond to TGN IFS prompts. The following example shows using the command from the router exec with a complete URL. c7513a-pagent#tgn save tftp://192.1.1.2/tgn/test/trafficl 1 I Save complete. If you need help in creating a URL, first open a file using the IFS prompts. You can then use the show global command to see the complete URL. load-config - Loading a Configuration from IFS (page 2-29) IQS File System (page 1-10) secondary - Selecting a SECONDARY Processor for Transmission secondary {all | [slot] n} {on | off] Specifies whether the traffic stream on the PRIMARY or the SECONDARY processor generates packets. This command is only available if there are SECONDARY processors. Most routers (2500, 4000, 4500, 7200) have only one processor—the PRIMARY processor. The newer, high-end platforms support multiple processors, each running IOS. These platforms have one PRIMARY processor and several SECONDARY processors. For example, on the 75XX, the RSP is the PRIMARY processor, and the VIPs are the SECONDARY processors. On the GSR, the Route Processor is the PRIMARY processor, and the line cards are the SECONDARY processors. When TGN creates traffic streams for an interface on a SECONDARY processor, the traffic stream is created and maintained on both the PRIMARY and SECONDARY processors. {all | [slot] n) Applies to either all the SECONDARY processors or a single SECONDARY processor in slot n. The word slot is not required. {on | off} on sets the SECONDARY processor to transmit packets. By default, the SECONDARY processor is ON or active. off sets the PRIMARY processor to transmit packets. show secondary - Displaying Activity Status of SECONDARY Processors (page 2-56) select - Selecting a Traffic Stream by Name select character-string Selects a traffic stream by the name assigned to the traffic stream. The command searches all traffic streams on all interfaces. It selects the first traffic stream that is a complete match. You must enter the complete name assigned to the traffic stream. The primary purpose of this command is to make it easy for a test script to select an existing traffic stream. Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-37 send - Sending Packets name - Assigning a Name to a Traffic Stream (page 2-30) send - Sending Packets send number-of-packets Configures a traffic stream to send exactly the requested number of packets when the start send command is entered. show send - Displaying Summary of Send Process (page 2-56) start/stop - Starting and Stopping Traffic Generation (page 2-59) sequence - Adding and Updating Packet Sequences Note Packet flows are designed to replace TGN packet sequences. (Packet sequences will not be developed further and are being maintained for backward compatibility only). You are strongly encouraged to use TGN flows instead of TGN sequences (see flow - Adding and Updating Packet Flows (page 2-25)1 . There are a number of advantages to packet flows over sequences. Packet flows offer an unequal intermember interval (which can be random), and you can specify a delayed start for the flow. You can configure and view flow members separately as a group, since each flow maintains it own list of members. Sequence items are part of a traffic stream list. sequence add { name \ number } Adds a packet sequence reference. Each packet in a packet sequence is defined as a traffic stream and incorporated using a packet sequence reference. You can specify a traffic stream reference by name or number. sequence insert-at { name \ number} Inserts a packet sequence reference in front of the specified traffic stream reference. You can specify the traffic stream reference either by name or number. sequence reference # delete Deletes a packet sequence reference. sequence reference # enable Enables a packet sequence reference. sequence reference # disable Disables a packet sequence reference, but does not permanently remove it from the sequence list, sequence interval milliseconds Specifies the interval, in milliseconds, between consecutive packets in the packet sequence. If the interval is zero, all other traffic streams on the same interface are blocked during each iteration of the packet sequence transmission. show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information show option [template\ [from ts-name-or-number [to ts-name-or-number]\ [extended] 2-38 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information The show commands display information on the console. For every show command, there is an equivalent write command that displays the same information on the console but also writes it to an 1FS log fde (see write - Writing Information to an IFS Log File (page 2-61V) . When the show and write commands are used in flow mode or with the flow command, they display information about the members of the currently selected flow (see flow - Adding and Updating Packet Flows (page 2-2511 . You can use the following options singly or together with a show command to select specific traffic streams to display. template Limits the display to traffic streams of a specific template. Valid templates are: datalink ip arp arp responder top udp icmp igmp appletalk aarp aarp responder ipx decnet decnet hello-generator clns clns hello-generator from ts-name-or-mimber [to ts-name-or-number\ Selects traffic streams from a specified range. You can identify traffic streams either by name or number. If identifying by name, you must enter the full exact name. extended Extends a summary to display information on all flow members in the specified range. You can use this option with all commands that display a summary of traffic streams. For example, if 3 and 6 are flow traffic streams, the following is displayed when you use the extended option: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:6/9)#show all extended Summary of traffic streams on Ethernet0 ts# interface template interval/rate i repeat state packet. , length 1 EtO TCP 10 1 on auto 54 2 EtO UDP 10 1 on auto 42 3 EtO Flow 10 on Fl-3.1 EtO APPLE 345678 1 on auto 35 Fl-3.2 EtO DECNET 345678 1 on auto 37 Fl-3.3 EtO Datalink 345678 1 on auto 14 4 EtO Datalink 10 1 on auto 14 5 EtO APPLE 10 1 on auto 35 6 EtO Flow 10 on Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-39 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information Fl-6.1 EtO Datalink 0 1 on auto 14 Fl-6.2 EtO APPLE 0 1 on auto 35 7 EtO Datalink 10 1 on auto 14 8 EtO APPLE 10 1 on auto 35 9 EtO TCP 10 1 on auto 54 In the above output, FL in the ts# column indicate flow members by their flow number. For example, FL-3.1 indicates member 1 in flow 3; FL-6.2 indicates member 2 in flow 6. Flow members do not have a rate; they only have an interval to the next member. show - Displaying a Traffic Stream or Flow Member show [tcl-output] show n [tcl-output] These commands display the configuration of a traffic stream or flow member, show displays the configuration of the currently selected traffic stream or flow member, show n displays the configuration of the traffic stream number specified on the currently selected interface or the specified flow member. See show traffic-stream - Displaying a Traffic Stream by Name or Number (page 2-58) to display a traffic stream by name. The following example shows the output of an ICMP traffic stream on Ethernet: k47 0 0-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:3/3)#show Traffic stream 3 of 3, ICMP, EthernetO (up) name "" on rate 10 variability 0 send 0 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 I datalink user-defined length 1000 fragmentation enable mtu auto fragmentation option-length 0 I L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0060.3E58.1E1A L2-protocol 0x0800 j L3-version 4 L3-header-length auto L3-tos 0x00 L3-length auto L3-id 0x0000 L3-fragmentation 0x0000 L3-ttl 60 L3-protocol 1 L3-checksum auto L3-src-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-dest-addr 0.0.0.0 2-40 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show aarp - Displaying AARP Header Information L3-option-length 0 i L4-type 0 L4-code 0 L4-checksum auto L4-option 0x00000000 I data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 If the tcl-output option is used, the configuration information to identify the traffic stream and non-configuration information from the show rate and show send commands is displayed in a TCL-friendly format. With TCL-friendly format, data is easy to extract from the output text because it follows a unique keyword and is not row- and column-position dependent, which can change with Pagent releases. For example: c7200-p(TGN:OFF,Etl/0:1/1)#sh tel interface Ethernetl/0 traffic-stream-number 1 name ip-testl measured-rate 25779.917 packets-sent 368201 left-to-send 0 show aarp - Displaying AARP Header Information show aarp [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of Appletalk ARP header field configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 . For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:35/39)#sh aarp Summary of AARP traffic streams on Ethernet0 sender sender target target ts# operation mac address net.node mac address net. nod' 6 1 0000.0000.0000 O o 0000.0000.0000 0.0 24 1 0000.0000.0000 O O 0000.0000.0000 0.0 35 1 0000.0000.0000 0.0 0000.0000.0000 0.0 AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-6) Example of AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Traffic Stream (page A-121 Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields (page B-14) show aarp-responder - Displaying AARP Responders show aarp responder [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of Apple ARP responder configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 . For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,Et2/2:54/54)#sh aarp resp Summary of AARP Responder traffic streams on Ethernet2/2 ts# appletalk-address mac_address Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-41 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information 16 0.0 0011.2222.3333 17 o o 0011.2222.3333 18 o o 0011.2222.3333 AppleTalk ARP Responder (page 4-2) Example of AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Responder (page A-21') show all - Displaying Summary of Traffic Streams or Flow Members show all [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of basic configuration variables common to all sending traffic streams or all members of a flow. The information displayed is different depending whether the program is in TGN or SRE mode. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 . For example, in TGN mode the output looks like this: tools75(TGN:OFF,Et2/2:54/54)#sh all Summary of traffic streams on Ethernet2/2 ts# template interval/rate repeat state packet.length 1 IP 10 1 on auto 34 2 IP 10 1 on auto 34 3 IP 10 1 on auto 34 4 ARP 10 1 on auto 42 5 ARP 10 1 on auto 42 6 ARP 10 1 on auto 42 7 ARP Responder on 8 ARP Responder on 9 ARP Responder on 10 APPLE 10 1 on auto 35 11 APPLE 10 1 on auto 35 12 APPLE 10 1 on auto 35 13 AARP 10 1 on auto 50 14 AARP 10 1 on auto 50 15 AARP 10 1 on auto 50 16 AARP Responder on 17 AARP Responder on 18 AARP Responder on 19 TCP 10 1 on auto 54 20 TCP 10 1 on auto 54 21 TCP 10 1 on auto 54 In SRE mode, the output looks like this: c7513a-(TGN-SRE:OFF,Et0/0/0:5/5)#sh all Summary of SRE traffic streams on Ethernet0/0/0 ts# template sre.name packet.length 1 IP auto 34 2 IP auto 34 3 IP auto 34 4 TCP auto 54 5 UDP auto 42 sre - Defining Traffic Streams for TGN or SRE (page 2-59) show appletalk - Displaying AppleTalk Header Information show appletalk [ selection-options ] 2-42 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show arp - Displaying ARP Header Information Displays a summary of AppleTalk header field configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Et0:28/42)#sh appl Summary of Appletalk traffic streams on EthernetO hop- <-destination--> <-source-> ts# count length chksm network node skt network node skt type 6 0 13 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 13 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 13 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AppleTalk Phase 1 Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-5) Example of AppleTalk Phase 2 Traffic Stream (page A-7) Explanation of AppleTalk Fleader Fields (page B-10) show arp - Displaying ARP Header Information show arp [ selection-options ] Shows a summary of IP ARP header field configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:37/37)#sh arp Summary of ARP traffic streams on EthernetO oper- sender sender ts# ation mac_address ip_address 8 1 0000 . 0000.0000 0 . 0 . 0.0 20 1 0000 . 0000.0000 0 . 0 . 0.0 37 1 0000.0000.0000 0.0.0.0 target mac_address 0000 . 0000.0000 0000 . 0000.0000 0000 . 0000.0000 target ip_address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ARP Network Fleader Field Update Commands (page 2-4) Example of ARP IIP) Traffic Stream ipage A-l D Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields (page B-14) show arp-responder - Displaying ARP Responders show arp responder [ selection-options\ Shows a summary of IP ARP responder configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,Et2/2:54/54)#sh arp resp Summary of ARP Responder traffic streams on Ethernet2/2 ts# ip-address mac_address 7 0.0.0.0 0011.2222.3333 8 0.0.0.0 0011.2222.3333 9 0.0.0.0 0011.2222.3333 IP ARP Responder (page 4-D Example of IP ARP Responder (page A-21) Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-43 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information show burst - Displaying Burst Configurations show burst [ selection-options ] Shows a summary of burst configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,Et2/2:54/54)#sh bur Summary of burst configurations on Ethernet2/2 burst duration.on duration.off ts# template state min max min max 1 IP off 1000 1000 1000 1000 2 IP off 1000 1000 1000 1000 3 IP off 1000 1000 1000 1000 4 ARP off 1000 1000 1000 1000 5 ARP off 1000 1000 1000 1000 burst - Sending Traffic Stream in Bursts (page 2-16) show clns - Displaying CLNS Header Information There are so many fields in a CLNS header that it takes two separate display commands to show it all. One is only for the source and destination addresses, the other for the remaining header fields. show clns [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of CLNS header non-address fields. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:35/35)#sh clns Summary of CLNS traffic streams on Ethernet0 header ts# id length version lifetime flags segment.length checksum 8 129 39 1 100 OxlE 39 0000 20 129 39 1 100 OxlE 39 0000 35 129 39 1 100 OxlE 39 0000 show clns address [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of CLNS header address fields. Each source and destination address is on its own line. For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:35/51)#sh clns add Summary of CLNS traffic streams addresses on EthernetO ts# len area host mac protocol 8 dest 14 47.0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 00 src 14 47.0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 00 20 dest 14 47.0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 00 src 14 47.0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 00 35 dest 14 47.0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 00 src 14 47.0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 00 CLNS Area Fields (page 3-5) CLNS Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-6) Example of CLNS Traffic Stream (page A-9) Explanation of CLNS Header Fields (page B-121 2-44 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show clns-hello-generator - Displaying CLNS Hello-generators show clns-hello-generator - Displaying CLNS Hello-generators show clns hello-generator [ selection-options\ Displays a summary of CLNS hello-generator configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,Et2/2:54/54)#sh clns hell Summary of CLNS Hello-Generators on Ethernet2/2 ts# clns hello-address 52 47.0000.0000.0000.0011.2222.3333.00 53 47.0000.0000.0000.0011.2222.3333.00 54 47.0000.0000.0000.0011.2222.3333.00 CLNS Hello-Generator (page 4-21 Example of CLNS Hello-Generator (page A-21) show config - Displaying Traffic Stream Configuration Commands show config [all] Displays the commands used to configure either the currently selected traffic stream or all traffic streams (if the all keyword is included). These are the same commands that would be written to an 1FS file by the save-config command. You can use these commands in a script. The resulting configuration commands must be executed at the router exec prompt. This command displays the following output: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:3/3)#show config tgn Add ICMP tgn name "" tgn on tgn rate 10 tgn variability 0 tgn send 0 tgn repeat 1 no-update tgn delayed-start random tgn burst off tgn burst duration on 1000 to 1000 tgn burst duration off 1000 to 1000 j tgn datalink user-defined tgn length 1000 tgn fragmentation enable mtu auto tgn fragmentation option-length 0 j tgn L2-encapsulation arpa tgn L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 tgn L2-src-addr 0060.3E58.1E1A tgn L2-protocol 0x0800 j tgn L3-version 4 tgn L3-header-length auto tgn L3-tos 0x00 tgn L3-length auto tgn L3-id 0x0000 tgn L3-fragmentation 0x0000 tgn L3-ttl 60 tgn L3-protocol 1 Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-45 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information tgn L3-checksum auto tgn L3-src-addr 0.0.0.0 tgn L3-dest-addr 0.0.0.0 tgn L3-option-length 0 I tgn L4-type 0 tgn L4-code 0 tgn L4-checksum auto tgn L4-option 0x00000000 j tgn data-length 0 j tgn fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show debug - Displaying Debugging Information for Program Developers show debug Displays internal program data that is of interest only to the program developers. show decnet - Displaying DECnet Header Information show decnet [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of DECnet header field configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:35/38)#sh dec Summary of DECnet traffic streams on Ethernet0 ts# length flag dest source nl2 visits service protocol 4 21 0x06 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 20 21 0x06 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 35 21 0x06 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 DECnet Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-6) Example of DECnet Traffic Stream (page A-101 Explanation ofDECnet Header Fields (page B-1P show decnet-hello - Displaying DECnet Hello-Generators show decnet hello-generator [ selection-options ] Displays a summary ofDECnet hello-generator configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 . For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,Et2/2:54/54)#sh dec hello Summary of DECNET Hello-Generators on Ethernet2/2 ts# decnet hello-address designated-router 46 0.0 0.0 47 0.0 0.0 48 0.0 0.0 DECnet Hello-Generator (page 4-31 Example of DECnet Hello-Generator (page A-211 2-46 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show flow - Displaying Summary of Packet Flows show flow - Displaying Summary of Packet Flows show flow [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of packet flow traffic streams. For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:10/10)#sh flow Summary of packet flows on Ethernet0 ts# total enabled interval/rate state 3 5 5 10 on 6 5 3 10 on 10 3 0 10 on name show global - Displaying Global Parameters show global Displays TGN configuration variables that are not specific to any traffic stream. If URLs have been established for configuration and/or log files, these are also displayed. This is an example of output on a single processor router: C4700-p(TGN:OFF,Etl:2/2)#sh gl ifs logging tftp://192.1.1.2/tgn/test/logl ifs config pram://192.1.1.2/tgn-config decode-templates built-in display-level terse mixed-interface off flow-mode off output-mode fast sre off verbose off verbose logging-to console wait-to-release 1 This is an example of output on a router with PRIMARY and SECONDARY processors: c7513a-(TGN:OFF,Et0/0/0:none)#sh gl ifs logging tftp://192.1.1.2/tgn/test/log2 ifs config pram://192.1.1.2/tgn-config2 decode-templates built-in display-level terse mixed-interface off output-mode primary fast output-mode secondary 0 fast output-mode secondary 1 fast output-mode secondary 2 fast output-mode secondary 3 fast output-mode secondary 4 fast output-mode secondary 5 fast secondary 0 on secondary 1 on secondary 2 on secondary 3 on secondary 4 on secondary 5 on sre off verbose off verbose logging-to console Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-47 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information open-logfile - Opening an 1FS Log File (page 2-31) replace - Selectively replacing IP Address and TCP/UDP Port Number (page 2-36) max-bit-rate - Setting Interface Bandwidth Control (page 2-30) ordered-traffic - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling (page 2-321 secondary - Selecting a SECONDARY Processor for Transmission (page 2-371 sre - Defining Traffic Streams for TGN or SRE (page 2-59) verbose - Configuring for Activity Messages (page 2-60) wait-to-release - Sierra Wait-to-Release Paktvpe (page 2-61) show fragments-sent - Displaying Number of Fragments Sent show fragments-sent [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of the number of fragments sent by each traffic stream. It shows a cumulative number since the last time the counter was cleared. The counter can be cleared with the clear counts command. For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Et0:3/3)#sh fragments-sent Summary of packet fragments sent for traffic streams on EthernetO ts# template state total-fragments-sent 1 TCP on 270 2 UDP on 450 3 ICMP on 89 k47 0 0-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:3/3)# clear - Clearing Configurations or Counters (page 2-16) fragmentation - Configuring IP Fragmentation (page 2-26) show send - Displaying Summary of Send Process (page 2-56) show icmp - Displaying ICMP Header Information show icmp [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of ICMP header field configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,Et2/2:54/54)#sh icmp Summary of ICMP traffic streams on Ethernet2/2 ts# type code checksum option 25 0 0 0x0000 0x00000000 26 0 0 0x0000 0x00000000 27 0 0 0x0000 0x00000000 ICMP Transport Header Field Update Commands (page 2-71 Example of ICMP Traffic Stream (page A-151 Explanation of ICMP Header Fields (page B-4) show igmp - Displaying IGMP Header Information show igmp [ selection-options] Displays a summary of IGMP header field configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 . 2-48 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show interface - Displaying Interface Status For example: tOOls75 (TGN:OFF, , Et2/2: :54/54)#sh igmp Summary of IGMP traffic streams on Ethernet2/2 ts# version type checksum group.address 28 0 0 0x0000 0.0.0.0 29 0 0 0x0000 0.0.0.0 30 0 0 0x0000 o o o o IGMP Transport Header Field Update Commands (page 2-91 Example of IGMP Traffic Stream (page A-16I Explanation of IGMP Header Fields (page B-5) show interface - Displaying Interface Status show interface Displays a summary of TGN interface status and the number of traffic streams configured on each interface. For example: C47 00-p(TGN:ON,Etl:3/4)#sh int # interface admin.state operational.state num.traffic.streams 1 Ethernet0 up up 0 2 Ethernetl up up 4 3 SerialO down down 0 4 Seriall shut down 0 5 Serial2 shut down 0 6 Serial3 shut down 0 7 TokenRingO up up 0 8 TokenRingl shut down 0 “Admin, state” is the software status of the interface. “Operational.state” is the hardware status of the interface. If you have a back-to-back crossover connection between two Ethernet lOBaseT interfaces and the interface on the router running TGN is not shut, but the other ethernet interface is shut, the other interface will report the admin.state as “up” and the operational.state as “down.” show interface config - Displaying Interface Configurations show interface config Displays the traffic scheduling style and maximum bit rate of each interface. For example: b7513-p(TGN:OFF,Fa4/0:none)#show interface config # interface 1 Hssi2/0/0 2 Serial2/l/0 3 FastEthernet3/0/0 4 FastEthernet4/0 5 FastEthernet4/l 6 FastEthernetlO/O/O ordered- maximum bit traffic rate (bps) off off off off off off off 1000 off off off off max-bit-rate - Setting Interface Bandwidth Control (page 2-30) ordered-traffic - Setting Qrdered-Traffic Scheduling (page 2-321 Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-49 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information show interface max-bit-rate - Displaying Maximum Bit Rates of Interfaces show interface max-bit-rate This command has been replaced with the show interface config command. See show interface config - Displaying Interface Configurations (page 2-49) . show interface tcl-output - Displaying Interface Info in TCL-Friendly Format show interface tcl-output Displays the same information for the currently selected interface that is available with the show interface and show rate summary commands but in a TCL-friendly format. It is easy to extract data in TCL-friendly format from the output text because it follows a unique keyword and is not row- and column-position dependent, which can change with Pagent releases. For example: C7200-P (TGN:OFF,Etl/0:1/1)#sh int tel interface Ethernetl/O admin-state up operational-state up traffic-stream-count 1 ordered-traffic off max-bit-rate off measured-rate 10856.200 packets-sent 369361 show rate - Displaying Traffic Stream Rates (page 2-55) show ip - Displaying IP Header Information show ip [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of IP header field configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Et0:24/46)#sh ip :y of IP traffic streams on Ethernet0 5# tOS len id frag prot ttl col chksm source destination 1 TCP 00 40 0000 0000 60 6 7ED1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2 TCP 00 40 0000 0000 60 6 7ED1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 3 TCP 00 40 0000 0000 60 6 7ED1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 5 IGMP 00 28 0000 0000 60 2 7EE1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 6 ICMP 00 28 0000 0000 60 1 7EE2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 9 TCP 00 40 0000 0000 60 6 7ED1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10 TCP 00 40 0000 0000 60 6 7ED1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 11 TCP 00 40 0000 0000 60 6 7ED1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12 IGMP 00 28 0000 0000 60 2 7EE1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 14 UDP 00 28 0000 0000 60 17 7ED2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 15 UDP 00 28 0000 0000 60 17 7ED2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 16 UDP 00 28 0000 0000 60 17 7ED2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 17 UDP 00 28 0000 0000 60 17 7ED2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 18 ICMP 00 28 0000 0000 60 1 7EE2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 19 UDP 00 28 0000 0000 60 17 7ED2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20 UDP 00 28 0000 0000 60 17 7ED2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 21 UDP 00 28 0000 0000 60 17 7ED2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2-50 TON (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show ipx - Displaying IPX Header Information 22 UDP 00 28 0000 0000 GO 17 7ED2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 23 UDP 00 28 0000 0000 GO 17 7ED2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 24 IGMP 00 28 0000 0000 GO 2 7EE1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 IP Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-4) Example of IP Traffic Stream (page A-6 ) Explanation of IP Header Fields (page B-l) show ipx - Displaying IPX Header Information show ipx [ selection-options\ Displays a summary of IPX header field configurations. For the selection options, see show — Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 . For example: tOOls75 (TGN:OFF,Et2/2: 54/54) #sh ipx Summary of IPX traffic streams on Ethernet2/2 1 bran pkt <- 1 destination- -N, <- —source- -> ts# len ctr typ network host skt network host skt 31 30 00 00 00000000 0000.0000.0000 0 00000000 0000.0000.0000 0 32 30 00 00 00000000 0000.0000.0000 0 00000000 0000.0000.0000 0 33 30 00 00 00000000 0000.0000.0000 0 00000000 0000.0000.0000 0 IPX Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-51 Example of IPX Traffic Stream (page A-71 Explanation of IPX Header Fields (page B-61 show mac - Displaying MAC Addresses show mac [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of datalink MAC addresses from LAN datalink header field configurations. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,Et2/2:54/54)#sh mac Summary of MAC addresses on Ethernet2/2 ts# template encap mac.destination mac.source dsap ssap protocol 1 IP arpa 0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 0x0800 2 IP arpa 0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 0x0800 3 IP arpa 0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 0x0800 4 ARP arpa 0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 0x0806 5 ARP arpa 0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 0x0806 6 ARP arpa 0000.0000.0000 0000.0000.0000 0x0806 show name - Displaying Traffic Stream Names and Delayed-Start Information show name [ selection-options\ Displays a summary of names assigned to traffic streams. This command also shows a summary of delayed-start definitions. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 . For example: C4700 -p(TGN: OFF,Etl:3/3)#sh na Summary of traffic stream names on Ethernetl Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-51 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information ts# template 1 IP 2 TCP 3 TCP state delayed-start on 0 on random on 1000ms name test traffic 1 TCP small packets TCP big packets name - Assigning a Name to a Traffic Stream (page 2-30) datalink - Specifying the Datalink Header Encapsulation (page 2-18) select - Selecting a Traffic Stream by Name (page 2-37) show output-mode - Displaying Output Mode Information show output-mode Displays what the output mode is on all processors. For example: C7513a- (TGN:OFF,Et0/0/0:none)#sh out processor primary secondary 0 secondary 1 secondary 2 secondary 3 secondary 4 secondary 5 current optimal-send only concurrent output-mode available optimal-send optimal-send fast yes no no process yes no no fast yes no no dedicated yes no no optimal yes no no optimal yes no no fast yes no no “Processor” identifies the processor. “Current output-mode” lists the current mode on the processor (see ordered-traffic - Setting Ordered-Traffic Scheduling (page 2-32) 1. “Optimal output-mode” states whether the optimal mode is available on this processor. If optimal output mode is available, “only-optimal send” states if it is the only mode available. Some SECONDARY processors cannot run a full IOS, but might have an optimal output mode implemented in microcode. “Concurrent optimal-send” identifies whether this optimal mode implementation allows other IOS processes to run concurrently (yes) or does it grab all processor cycles (no). show packet - Displaying Packet Sent by Traffic Stream show packet [n | traffic-stream ts-name-or-number\ [hex] Displays a formatted version of a packet resulting from a traffic stream definition. By default, the currently selected traffic stream is displayed, or you can select a specific traffic stream by name or number. Use the hex option to display the packets in hex. For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,Etl/1/0,1/1)#sh pac Ethernet Packet: 54 bytes Dest Addr: 0000.0000.0000, Source Addr: 0000.0000.0000 Protocol: 0x0800 IP Version: 0x4, HdrLen: 0x5, TOS: 0x00 Length: 40, ID: 0x0000, Flags-Offset: 0x0000 TTL: 60, Protocol: 6 (TCP), Checksum: 0x7EDl (OK) Source: 0.0.0.0, Dest: 0.0.0.0 TCP Src Port: 0 (Reserved), Dest Port: 0 (Reserved) Seq #: 0x00000000, Ack #: 0x00000000, Hdr_Len: 5 Flags: 0x00, Window: 0, Checksum: 0x0000 2-52 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show packet fragments - Displaying IP Packet Fragments Urgent Pointer: 0 This example displays the packet in hex format. tools75(TGN:OFF,Et1/1/0,l/l)#sh pac hex 0 : 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0800 4500 0028 0000 .E..( 20 : 0000 3C06 7ED1 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 . 40 : 0000 0000 0000 5000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .P. show packet fragments - Displaying IP Packet Fragments show packet fragments Displays a formatted version of packet fragments resulting from a traffic stream definition if fragmentation is enabled (see fragmentation - Configuring IP Fragmentation (page 2-26U . For example: r4500a-(TGN:OFF,EtO:1/1)#show packet fragments Original Packet: Ethernet Packet: 200 bytes Dest Addr: 0000.0000.0000, Source Addr: 0010.7B2C.79F2 Protocol: 0x0800 IP Version: 0x4, HdrLen: 0x5, TOS: 0x00 Length: 186, ID: 0x0000, Flags-Offset: 0x0000 TTL: 60, Protocol: 6 (TCP), Checksum: 0x7E3F (OK) Source: 0.0.0.0, Dest: 0.0.0.0 TCP Src Port: 0 (Reserved), Dest Port: 0 (Reserved) Seq #: 0x00000000, Ack #: 0x00000000, Hdr_Len: 5 Flags: 0x00, Window: 0, Checksum: 0xl26E (OK) Urgent Pointer: 0 Data: 0 : 0001 0203 0405 0607 0809 0A0B 0C0D 0E0F 1011 1213 . <snip> 140 : 8C8D 8E8F 9091 . Fragment 1: Ethernet Packet: 114 bytes Dest Addr: 0000.0000.0000, Source Addr: 0010.7B2C.79F2 Protocol: 0x0800 IP Version: 0x4, HdrLen: 0x5, TOS: 0x00 Length: 100, ID: 0x0000, Flags-Offset: 0x2000 (more fragments) TTL: 60, Protocol: 6 (TCP), Checksum: 0x5E95 (OK) Source: 0.0.0.0, Dest: 0.0.0.0 TCP Src Port: 0 (Reserved), Dest Port: 0 (Reserved) Seq #: 0x00000000, Ack #: 0x00000000, Hdr_Len: 5 Flags: 0x00, Window: 0, Checksum: 0x126E ERROR: 33B4 Urgent Pointer: 0 Data: 0 0001 0203 0405 0607 0809 0A0B 0C0D 0E0F 1011 1213 . 20 1415 1617 1819 1A1B 1C1D 1E1F 2021 2223 2425 2627 . . !"#$%.' 40 2829 2A2B 2C2D 2E2F 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 3A3B ()*+, ./0123456789:; Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-53 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information Fragment 2: Ethernet Packet: 114 bytes Dest Addr: 0000.0000.0000, Source Addr: 0010.7B2C.79F2 Protocol: 0x0800 IP Version: 0x4, HdrLen: 0x5, TOS: 0x00 Length: 100, ID: 0x0000, Flags-Offset: 0x200A (more fragments) TTL: 60, Protocol: 6 (TCP), Checksum: 0x5E8B (OK) Source: 0.0.0.0, Dest: 0.0.0.0 Data: 0 3C3D 3E3F 4041 4243 4445 4647 4849 4A4B 4C4D 4E4F . = .? @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO 20 5051 5253 5455 5657 5859 5A5B 5C5D 5E5F 6061 6263 PQRSTUVWXYZ[\ 40 6465 6667 6869 6A6B 6C6D 6E6F 7071 7273 7475 7677 defghij klmnop 60 7879 7A7B 7C7D 7E7F 8081 8283 8485 8687 8889 8A8B x Y z {1}. Fragment 3: Ethernet Packet: 40 bytes Dest Addr: 0000.0000.0000, Source Addr: 0010.7B2C.79F2 Protocol: 0x0800 IP Version: 0x4, HdrLen: 0x5, TOS: 0x00 Length: 26, ID: 0x0000, Flags-Offset: 0x0014 TTL: 60, Protocol: 6 (TCP), Checksum: 0x7ECB (OK) Source: 0.0.0.0, Dest: 0.0.0.0 Data: 0 : 8C8D 8E8F 9091 r4500a-(TGN:OFF,EtO:1/1)# show pagent-format - Displaying a Packet in Pagent Format show pagent-format [n\ Displays a traffic stream packet in a format that can be used to input the definition into the classic Pagent program. By default, this command displays the currently selected traffic stream, unless n is used to select another traffic stream. For example: c7513a-(TGN:OFF,EtO/0/0:2/2)#sh pag interface Ethernet0/0/0 add $$ byte 0 00E0F759 E50700E0 34C5E800 08004500 00640001 0000FF01 79758009 0116C001 01020800 6B630798 1A440000 00000002 F108ABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCDABCD ABCD quit show program-status - Displaying Current Program Status show program-status 2-54 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show rate - Displaying Traffic Stream Rates Displays the same information available in the TGN option prompt. This command is useful when running a script from the router exec prompt, and the program option prompt is not available. For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,Et0:22/22)#sh prog Program State Broadcast Flow_mode Selected Interface Selected Traffic Stream TGN OFF OFF OFF Ethernet0 22 of 22 show rate - Displaying Traffic Stream Rates show rate [summary] [ selection-options\ Displays a summary of the traffic stream variables that set the rate, what the measured rate was, and the number of packets sent by the traffic stream.For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . If the keyword summary is included, only the interface totals are displayed. The display can post one of the following messages to explain what the rates are based on: The rates are since traffic generation was started. The rates are since the last rate change during traffic generation. Traffic generation is currently off. These rates are from the last time traffic generation was active. The following example shows output during traffic generation. Note that the rate or interval is measured by taking the time at which traffic generation is started and when it is stopped, and the number of packets sent during that period. This means that the measurement can be badly off when the time between packets is long, and the transmit period is short (for example the interval measurement here). C4700-P (TGN:OFF,Etl:5/5)#sh rate Traffic generation is currently off. These rates are from the last time traffic generation was active. Summary of traffic stream rates on Ethernet1 measured ts# template state repeat interval/rate interval/rate packets sent 1 IP on 1 10 pps 9.923 186 2 IP on 1 100 pps 99.934 1864 3 TCP on 1 1234 pps 1233.869 23003 4 UDP on 1 500 pps 499.941 9321 5 ICMP on 1 2000 millisec 2071 msec 10 6 IP on 1 1200 bps 1199.372 613 Totals for Ethernetl 1864.420 34997 c4700-p(TGN:OFF,Etl:5/5)#sh rate sum Traffic generation is currently off. These rates are from the last time traffic generation was active. Summary of traffic stream rates on interfaces measured Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-55 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information interface Ethernet1 interval/rate 1864.420 packets_sent 34997 rate - Setting the Packet Send Rate (page 2-35) bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second (page 2-15) interval - Setting the Interval Between Sending Packets (page 2-27) clear - Clearing Configurations or Counters (page 2-16) show secondary - Displaying Activity Status of SECONDARY Processors show secondary Displays which SECONDARY processors will transmit packets and which SECONDARY processors will have the PRIMARY processor transmit packets for them.This command is only available if there are SECONDARY processors. For example: C7513a- (TGN:OFF,Et0/0/0:2/2)#sh secondary on = SECONDARY to transmit off = PRIMARY to transmit SECONDARY-Transmit-Active SECONDARY slot 0 on SECONDARY slot 1 on SECONDARY slot 2 on SECONDARY slot 3 on SECONDARY slot 5 on The SECONDARY processors that are set to ON will transmit packets out their active interfaces. The SECONDARY processes that are set to OFF will let the PRIMARY transmit the packets through the SECONDARY for the SECONDARY’S active interfaces. secondary - Selecting a SECONDARY Processor for Transmission (page 2-371 show send - Displaying Summary of Send Process show send [ selection-options\ Displays a summary of how many packets have been sent by the start send process. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-381 . If this command is used while sending packets in the process or fast mode, the “left-to-send” column shows how many packets are left to send on a traffic stream before the send process is complete. For example: C47 00-p(TGN:OFF,Etl:3/4)#sh send total-sent 0 0 0 0 C4700-P (TGN:OFF,Etl: 3/4) #start send c4700-p (TGN:SEND,Etl: 3/4 )# You have started packet send in dedicated output-mode. Summary of sending traffic streams on Ethernetl ts# template state interval/rate send-amount/left-to-send 1 IP on 5000 pps 10000 0 2 TCP on 1000 pps 2000 0 3 UDP on 12000 pps 24000 0 4 ARP on 2000 millisec 2 0 2-56 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show sequence - Displaying Summary of Packet Sequences TGN will go into a send loop that locks out all other process. Enter shift-control-6 to stop traffic generation or wait for completion. Send process complete. C4700 -p(TGN:OFF,Etl: 3/4 )#sh send Summary of sending traffic streams on Ethernetl ts# template state interval/rate send-, amount/left-to-send total-sent 1 IP on 5000 pps 10000 0 10000 2 TCP on 1000 pps 2000 0 2000 3 UDP on 12000 pps 24000 0 24000 4 ARP on 2000 millisec 2 0 2 C4700- -p(TGN:OFF ', Etl: 3/4)#sh rate Summary of traffic stream rates on Ethernetl measured ts# template state repeat interval/rate interval/rate packets sent 1 IP on 1 5000 pps 5002.814 10000 2 TCP on 1 1000 pps 1000.375 2000 3 UDP on 1 12000 pps 9452.075 24000 4 ARP on 1 2000 millisec 2000 msec 2 send - Sending Packets (page 2-38~) start/stop - Starting and Stopping Traffic Generation (page 2-59) show sequence - Displaying Summary of Packet Sequences show sequence [. •selection-options ] Displays a summary of special packet sequence traffic streams. For example: C4700-p (TGN:OFF, Etl:1/4)#sh seq Summary of packet sequences on Ethernetl ts# total enabled configured name 1 3 3 3 c4700-p(TGN:OFF,Etl:1/4)#sh Traffic stream 1 of 4, Sequence, Ethernetl (up) name "" on sequence interval 100 sequence add "frag 1" sequence 1 enable sequence add "frag 2" sequence 2 enable sequence add "frag 3" sequence 3 enable ! 3 out of 3 packets enabled c4700-p(TGN:OFF,Etl:1/4)#sh name Summary of traffic stream names on Ethernetl ts# template state delayed-start name 1 Sequence 2 IP on random frag 1 3 IP on random frag 2 4 IP on random frag 3 Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-57 show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-10) sequence - Adding and Updating Packet Sequences (page 2-381 show tcp - Displaying TCP Header Information Displays a summary of TCP header field configurations. This command can also displays header field configurations for flow members. For the selection options, see show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) . For example: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:34/5 0)#sh tcp Summary of TCP traffic streams on Ethernet0 src dest header option ts# port port seq ack length figs win chksm urgent length 1 0 0 00000000 00000000 80 0x00 0 0xAFE5 0 0 2 0 0 00000000 00000000 80 0x00 0 0xAFE5 0 0 3 0 0 00000000 00000000 80 0x00 0 0xAFE5 0 0 10 0 0 00000000 00000000 80 0x00 0 0xAFE5 0 0 11 0 0 00000000 00000000 80 0x00 0 0xAFE5 0 0 12 0 0 00000000 00000000 80 0x00 0 0xAFE5 0 0 TCP Transport Header Field Update Commands (page 2-7) Example of TCP Traffic Stream (page A-13I Explanation of TCP Header Fields (page B-3I show traffic-stream - Displaying a Traffic Stream by Name or Number show traffic-stream ts-name-or-number Displays the configuration of a traffic stream, allowing it to be selected by name or number. This is similar to the command show ts#, except this allows the traffic stream to be selected by name. The following example displays the output of an IP traffic stream on Ethernet: k4700-p(TGN:OFF,EtO:4/4)#show traffic-stream 4 Traffic stream 4 of 4, IP, EthernetO (up) name "" on rate 10 variability 0 send 0 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 i datalink user-defined length 1000 fragmentation enable mtu auto fragmentation option-length 0 i L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0060.3E58.1E1A L2-protocol 0x0800 2-58 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential show udp - Displaying UDP Header Information L3-version 4 L3-header-length auto L3-tos 0x00 L3-length auto L3-id 0x0000 L3-fragmentation 0x0000 L3-ttl 60 L3-protocol 0 L3-checksum auto L3-src-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-dest-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-option-length 0 i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show udp - Displaying UDP Header Information show udp [ selection-options ] Displays a summary of UDP header field configurations. For the selection options, see show Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38T For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,Et2/2:1/54)#sh udp Summary of UDP traffic streams on Ethernet2/2 ts# sre.port dest.port length checksum 22 0 0 8 0x0000 23 0 0 8 0x0000 24 0 0 8 0x0000 UDP Transport Header Field Update Commands (page 2-7) Example of UDP Traffic Stream (page A-14) Explanation of UDP Header Fields (page B-4) sre - Defining Traffic Streams for TGN or SRE sre {on | off} Defines packets for SRE use. off turns off SRE mode and goes to TGN mode. Traffic streams are then defined for TGN program use. on sets SRE mode, and packets are defined for SRE program use. start/stop - Starting and Stopping Traffic Generation start [send] stop s These commands start and stop traffic generation. When traffic generation is started or activated, the command prompt will indicate ON and all active traffic streams on all interfaces will transmit packets. The s command is a quick way to toggle the ON/OFF state of traffic generation. These commands do not affect arp-responder or hello-generator traffic streams. As long as an arp-responder is defined and active, it will respond to ARP requests. As long as a hello-generator is defined and active, it will send out hello packets. Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-59 variability - Defining the Variability in Packet Intervals The start command has two modes. start Starts traffic generation. Traffic does not stop until the stop command (or cntrl-shift-6 for dedicated mode) is entered. start send Causes only traffic streams that have a “send count” entered to send packets until the requested number of packets are sent for the traffic stream. When all traffic streams have sent their packets, the program posts the message “Send Complete” and stops traffic generation. This send mode can also be aborted with the stop command. variability - Defining the Variability in Packet Intervals variability percent Defines the variability, from 0 to 100 percent, in the time interval between packets. By default, percent is 0, that is, there is a constant time interval between each packet sent by a traffic stream. If percent is not zero, it defines a range of interval values, plus and minus from the interval defined by the rate or interval or bit-rate command. A new and different interval is calculated within this range after each packet. For example, assume a 10 pps traffic stream: • If variability is 0 percent, the interval between packets is 100 milliseconds. • If variability is 50 percent, intervals are random, from 50 to 150 milliseconds. • At maximum variability of 100 percent, the intervals are random from 0 to 200 milliseconds. In all cases, the average rate over a period of time is equal to the rate set by the rate or interval or bit-rate command, even though individual intervals would vary. This does not affect the interval between packets sent in a repeat, which are still sent as fast as possible. Instead, it affects the time interval between the repeat sends (see repeat - Resending Packets Repeatedly (page 2-35) ). rate - Setting the Packet Send Rate (page 2-35) bit-rate - Setting the transmission Rate in bits per second (page 2-15) verbose - Configuring for Activity Messages verbose {off | on} verbose logging-to {ios-logging | console} These commands are global across all processes. verbose {off | on} Determines whether the start and stop commands generate activity messages. The default is off. verbose logging-to {ios-logging | console} Determines where the activity messages will be posted. The default is to display the messages on the console. 2-60 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential wait-to-release - Sierra Wait-to-Release Paktype If this is set for ios-logging, the activity messages are passed to the IOS logging facility as level 6 (informational) messages. Depending on how IOS logging is configured, these messages can have timestamps added and be posted to the console and/or log file and/or system log. For more information on how to configure IOS logging, see the logging commands in the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference -> Cisco IOS System Management Commands -> Troubleshooting Commands. wait-to-release - Sierra Wait-to-Release Paktype wait-to-release n This command is only available on the sierra routers (4500 and 4700). It helps get around a problem of releasing paktypes at fast output rates. By default, this value is set to 0, that is, in fast and dedicated output modes, paktypes are released immediately. In some situations, at fast output rates, paktypes might not get released and might result in a slow memory leak. If the memory leak is a problem, set a wait-to-release time of n seconds. This causes a wait period of n seconds after a stop command before the paktypes are forced to be released by setting their refcount. If you set wait time too short, IOS complains with “incorrect refcount” error messages, so you will have to increase the wait time. In most cases, a wait time of 1 second is enough. In some situations, 10 seconds might not be enough. The wait period is reflected in the command prompt options. The program prevents restarting traffic generation until the wait period is over. write - Writing Information to an IFS Log File write .... Commands that start with the keyword show are used to display information on the console. For every show command, there is an equivalent write command that displays the same information on the console but also writes it to an opened IFS log file. IOS File System (page 1-10) show - Displaying Traffic Stream and Summary Information (page 2-38) open-logfile - Opening an IFS Log File (page 2-31) close-logfile - Closing an Open IFS Log File (page 2-17) Cisco Company Confidential Command Reference 2-61 write - Writing Information to an IFS Log File 2-62 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential CHAPTER 3 Defining Header Field Values Almost all header fields have decimal, hex, mac address, or IP address field data. These can all be defined as having a constant value, incrementing or being random over a range. A few fields are defined by entering a string of hex numbers. These fields cannot be incrementing or random, although it is possible to lay a configurable field on top of these fields to add variability. These fields include the Token Ring Routing Information Field (RIF), Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) source and destination areas, IP option field, and TCP option field. Checksum and header length fields also have the additional ability of being defined automatically to accommodate changing packet lengths and data. Decimal and Hex Fields Most header fields are decimal or hexadecimal numbers, 1 to 4 bytes in length. There are three command formats to define these fields. In the following, “Ln....” represents an L2-... command to define a datalink header field, an L3-...command to define a network header field, or an L4-... command to define a transport header field. All of these values can be entered as decimal or hex. Hex numbers must start with Ox. Ln-... value Sets the field to a constant value. The generic prompt for these numbers always prompts for a number that is valid for a 4 byte field. If the number entered is too large, an error message indicates the correct maximum value. For example: tools75(TGN:OFF,EtO/0/0,1/3)#13-ttl 1000 *** The value exceeds field size of OxFF (255). Ln-... increment min-value to max-value [by inc-by] Causes the field value to increment from min-value to max-value with each packet sent. By default, it increments by 1 byte to max-value and restarts at min-value. The inc-by option allows the field value to increase by the inc-by] byte amount instead of by 1. Ln-... random min-value to max-value [by inc-by] Causes the field value to be random from min-value to max-value. By default, the random value can be from min-value to max-value. The inc-by option causes the field value to be min-value plus multiples of inc-by, instead of multiples of 1. Cisco Company Confidential Defining Header Field Values 3-1 MAC Address Fields The following are examples of setting hex and decimal fields: L3-protocol 10 L3-ttl increment 20 to 50 L3-tos increment 20 to 100 by 5 L4-seq random 0x10000 to 0x20000 L4-ack random 0x10000 to 0x20000 by 0x100 Nested Increments (page 3-3) MAC Address Fields Ln-... value Ln-... increment min-value to max-value [by inc-by ] Ln-... random min-value to max-value [by inc-by ] Fields with MAC addresses are entered just like the decimal and hex values defined in Decimal and Hex Fields (page 3-1) . except that all values are entered as full MAC addresses, except for the inc-by, which is entered as max 4 byte decimal or hex value. The increment and random options only affect the last 4 bytes of these 6 byte fields. If you need to have the first 2 bytes changing, lay a configurable field on top of these bytes. The following are examples of setting MAC address fields: L2-dest-addr 0000.0c98.a44c L2-src-addr increment OOab.0004.0000 to 00ab.0004.1000 L2-src-addr increment 0000.0000.abed to 0000.0100.abed by 0x10000 L3-dest-host random 0011.2222.0000 to 0011.2222.3000 L3-src-host random 0000.1111.0000 to 0000.1111.5500 by 0x100 Nested Increments (page 3-31 IP Address Fields Ln-... value Ln-... increment min-value to max-value [by inc-by ] [subnet subnet-mask\ Ln-... random min-value to max-value [by inc-by ] [subnet subnet-mask :] Fields with IP addresses are entered just like the decimal and hex values defined in Decimal and Hex Fields (page 3-1 ) . except that all values are entered as full IP addresses, including the inc-by value. It can include a subnet mask, so subnet broadcast addresses are not generated. The following are examples of setting IP address fields: L3-src-addr 100.1.1.1 L3-dest-addr increment 1.1.1.1 to 1.1.1.255 L3-dest-addr increment 1.1.1.1 to 1.1.255.1 by 0.0.1.0 L3-dest-addr random 192.1.1.1 to 192.1.255.255 L3-src-addr random 192.1.1.1 to 192.1.1.255 by 0.0.0.5 3-2 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential IPv6 Address Fields If you need to generate a wide range of IP addresses that span several subnets, you probably do not want to send subnet broadcast packets. If you configure a subnet mask for incrementing and random IP addresses, the TGN program will not generate addresses where the subnet address bits are all zeros or all ones. The following is a repeat of the above examples with subnet masks added: L3-dest-addr increment 1.1.1.1 to 1.1.1.255 subnet 255.255.255.0 L3-dest-addr increment 1.1.1.1 to 1.1.255.1 by 0.0.1.0 subnet 255.255.128.0 L3-dest-addr random 192.1.1.1 to 192.1.255.255 subnet 255.255.255.240 L3-src-addr random 192.1.1.1 to 192.1.1.255 by 0.0.0.5 subnet 255.255.255.192 Nested Increments (page 3-31 IPv6 Address Fields Ln-... value IPv6 address do not directly support incrementing or random values. For reasons of performance, incrementing and random fields are limited to a 32-bit CPU word, 4 bytes. Four bytes is big enough to hold an entire IPv4 address or the last 4 bytes of a MAC address, but an IPv6 address is 16 bytes long. This problem is solved by using the configurable field option. With this you can lay an incrementing or random field up to 4 bytes long on the appropriate bytes of an IPv6 address. Example 1: To increment the last 4 bytes of the IPv6 source address in an IPv6 header, from 1 to 1000: field add incr_src_ipv6 field start-at network-start offset 20 field type 4 decimal field data increment 1 to 1000 Note that the incrementing or random field is identified by the number of bytes from the start of the header. In the IPv6 header, the source address starts 8 from the start of the header. The last four bytes of the 16-byte IPv6 source address (bytes 13 to 16) start 8 + 12 bytes from the start of the network header. Example 2: To make the seventh and eighth bytes of the destination IPv6 address random from 0 to OxFFFF: field add rand_dest_ipv6 field start-at network-start offset 30 field type 2 hex field data random 0 to OxFFFF In the IPv6 header, the destination address starts 24 bytes from the start of the header, so the seventh byte in the address starts 24 + 6 = 30 bytes from the start of the header. Nested Increments Any header field that can be set to increment over a range also has the ability to be linked to another incrementing field. This is the nest-over option and looks like this: ... increment min to max [nest-over field-name] Cisco Company Confidential Defining Header Field Values 3-3 Automatic Setting of Length and Checksum Fields With this option, the incrementing field increments only when the incrementing field it points to wraps from its max to min value. This allows the traffic stream to step through all possible combinations of the two fields. The field-name can be any L2-, L3-, L4-, or configurable field name, but it must adhere to the following rules: • Entered correctly in full • Valid within the template • Set to increment before traffic generation or expand Nested incrementing fields can nest several deep, and several incrementing fields can nest to a single incrementing field. An incrementing packet length can be set to nest-over an incrementing header field, and incrementing header fields can be set to nest-over length. This is an exception, because packet length is not a header field. In this example, every time the IP destination address increments through its range of addresses, the IP source address increments by 1. L3-src-addr increment 22.1.1.1 to 22.1.1.10 nest-over L3-dest-addr L3-dest-addr increment 100.1.1.1 to 100.1.1.100 Automatic Setting of Length and Checksum Fields Most header length and several header checksum fields have the additional ability to be set automatically to a correct value. When these fields are initially defined, these fields default to auto. This allows packets to be defined and updated with incrementing and random values or with incrementing or random lengths. The length and checksum fields are updated automatically to the correct value. The same is true for checksums in the IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, and 1GMP headers. The calculated length values and checksum are what is required for a router to accept and forward a packet. These length and checksum fields can be set to user-defined constant, incrementing, or random values, but the only reason to do so is to introduce invalid data into a packet for negative testing. Token Ring RIF The Token Ring RIF field is unlike other header fields. It may or may not exist in the datalink header, and if it exists, it is of variable length up to 32 bytes long. The default RIF field length is 0. This field is entered as a series of hex bytes. A valid RIF field has an even number of bytes, but TGN allows a field length of an odd number of bytes for testing purposes. In the second byte of the RIF field is a field that indicates the RIF field length. The program forces the correct RIF length into this field. An incorrect length trashes the rest of the packet. The RIF field cannot be set to be incrementing or random. If you need variability in this field, lay an configurable field on top of the RIF field. The following is an example of a RIF field entry: L2-rif C006 0021 0030 3-4 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential CLNS Area Fields CLNS Area Fields In the CLNS header, the source and destination area fields are variable length fields up to 13 bytes long. These fields are entered as a series of hex bytes. A valid area is an odd number of bytes long. The CLNS area fields cannot be set to be incrementing or random. If you need variability in these fields, lay a configurable field on top. The following are examples of CLNS area fields: L3-dest-area 47.0010.aaOl.OOcc L3-src-area 47.0102.0304.0506.0708.0910.1112 Cisco Company Confidential Defining Header Field Values 3-5 CLNS Area Fields 3-6 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential CHAPTER 4 ARP-Responder and Hello-Generator Commands The ARP-responder and hello-generator commands configure the ARP responders and hello-generators. The purpose of these responders and generators is to make the router think there is a live end station waiting to receive packets to the specific network address. The hello-generators tell the router which interface the end station is on, and all of these tell the router the MAC address of the end station. IP ARP Responder The IP ARP Responder responds to ARP requests for one IP address or a range of them. The ARP Responder is typically used to act as a fictitious end station. If you are using a traffic generator (like TGN) to send packets to a non-existent end station or IP address, you need the ARP responder to act as the end station so that the router forwards the test packets on the destination network. If the ARP responder is not used and the end-station IP address has not been statically configured in the ARP cache, the router sends out an ARP request for each test packet. After timeout, it sends an ICMP “host unreachable” message back to the source IP address. With the ARP responder, the first test packet results in an ARP request. The ARP responder sends a reply giving a MAC address to which the router can forward packets. With the destination address now in the router’s ARP cache, all subsequent packets to that IP address are forwarded immediately. To create the ARP Responder, first use the add arp responder command (see add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-101 1. Similar to regular traffic streams, multiple ARP responders can be created on each interface. Use one of the following commands to define which IP address or range of IP addresses the ARP responder will respond to: ip-address a.b.c.d ip-address a.b.c.d to a.b.c.d The following is the fictitious MAC address in the ARP response. It can be any MAC address. It is not related to the bia address of the interface (though in most cases, you configure it to be the MAC address of the interface). If the ARP responder is to respond to a range of IP addresses, you can configure it to respond with a constant MAC address for all the IP addresses in the range or with an equal range of MAC addresses starting with this configured MAC address: mac-address hhhh.hhhh.hhhh [constant] The following activates or deactivates the ARP responder: on | off Cisco Company Confidential ARP-Responder and Hello-Generator Commands 4-1 AppleTalk ARP Responder Example of IP ARP Responder (page A-21) show arp-responder - Displaying ARP Responders (page 2-43) AppleTalk ARP Responder To create the Appletalk ARP (AARP) Responder, first use the add aarp responder command (see add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-10) '). Use one of the following commands to define which AppleTalk address or range of AppleTalk addresses the AARP responder will respond to: appletalk-address net.node appletalk-address net.node to net.node The following is the fictitious MAC address in the AARP response. If the AARP responder is to respond to a range of AppleTalk addresses, it responds with an equal range of MAC addresses starting with this configured MAC address: mac-address hhhh.hhhh.hhhh The following activates or deactivates the AARP responder: on | off Example of AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Responder (page A-21! show aarp-responder - Displaying AARP Responders (page 2-41) VINES Hello-Generator To create the VINES hello-generator, first use the add vines hello-generator command (see add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-101 1. The following commands configure the VINES hello-generator. hello-address network:subnet VINES address the hello-generator advertises as an active end station, mac-address hhhh.hhhh.hhhh Fictitious MAC address the router is to send the packets to. on | off Activates or deactivates the VINES hello-generator. Example of VINES Hello-Generator (page A-211 sre - Defining Traffic Streams for TGN or SRE (page 2-591 CLNS Hello-Generator To create the CLNS hello-generator, first use the add clns hello-generator command (see add Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-10) 1. The following commands configure the CLNS hello-generator. hello-address 47.0000.0000.0000.0011.2222.3333.00 CLNS address the hello-generator advertises as an active end station. It shows the command with an example CLNS address. The MAC address is extracted from the CLNS address. In this example, the MAC address is 0011.2222.3333. on | off 4-2 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential DECnet Hello-Generator Activates or deactivates the CLNS hello-generator. Example of CLNS Hello-Generator (page A-21t show clns-hello-generator - Displaying CLNS Hello-generators (page 2-45) DECnet Hello-Generator To create the CLNS hello-generator, first use the add decnet hello-generator command (see add - Adding a Traffic Stream (page 2-10) '). The following commands configure the DECnet hello-generator. hello-address area.node DECnet address the hello-generator advertises as an active end station. In the DECnet protocol, the area node address defines the MAC address. designated-router area.node The DECnet end station hello packet includes a field that identifies the designated router the end station sends its packets to. on | off Activates or deactivates the DECnet hello-generator. Example of DECnet Hello-Generator (page A-21 ) show decnet-hello - Displaying DECnet Hello-Generators (page 2-461 Cisco Company Confidential ARP-Responder and Hello-Generator Commands 4-3 DECnet Hello-Generator 4-4 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential CHAPTER 5 Using TGN and PKTS Timestamps to Measure Latency The timestamp configurable field is included in TGN and PKTS to help measure latency through a network. When the timestamp field is configured on a TGN traffic stream, TGN puts a timestamp in the packet just before sending it. This occurs before any transport checksums are calculated, so that the timestamp can be added into a valid TCP or UDP packet. Turn off transport checksumming if the checksum is not important to the test. When the timestamp field is configured in a PKTS filter, PKTS can extract the timestamp from the packet and compare it to the time it received the packet. The show timestamp command can be used to display the time difference. It is important that the same router is used to send and receive, so that both the send and receive timestamps come from the same timebase. Creating a TGN Traffic Stream with a Timestamp The easiest way to add a timestamp configurable field to a TGN traffic stream is to add the timestamp keyword when the traffic stream is created. This puts the 8 byte timestamp in the first 8 bytes of the data array. For example: add ip timestamp Creating a PKTS Selective Filter with a Timestamp The easiest way to add a timestamp configurable field to a PKTS filter is to add the timestamp keyword when the filter is created. This defines the timestamp to be in the first 8 bytes of the data array, and it sets this to be a display filter of incoming packets. In PKTS FILTER mode, do the following: add ip timestamp Displaying Timestamp Information To display timestamp information, use the show timestamp command: show timestamp \command-line-filter-options\ [stats-only] This command only display packets that match a display filter with a configurable timestamp field. All the usual command line filter options are available to select a subset of the packets. Cisco Company Confidential Using TGN and PKTS Timestamps to Measure Latency 5-1 Example of Using Timestamps Statistics are displayed at the end of the summary. If you want to display only the statistics and not all the packets, include the stats-only keyword. For example: p4700a-(PKTS:1 of 21739)#sh tim from 1 to 15 # interface summary relative time time-diff 1 Et2 IP 0.000990 0.000354 2 Et2 IP 0.001211 0.000476 3 Et2 IP 0.001320 0.000479 4 Et2 IP 0.001419 0.000535 5 Et2 IP 0.001869 0.000321 6 Et2 IP 0.002587 0.000339 7 Et2 IP 0.002793 0.000374 8 Et2 IP 0.002904 0.000433 9 Et2 IP 0.003006 0.000496 10 Et2 IP 0.003819 0.000355 11 Et2 IP 0.004042 0.000502 12 Et2 IP 0.004152 0.000542 13 Et2 IP 0.004255 0.000586 14 Et2 IP 0.004356 0.000628 15 Et2 IP 0.005198 0.000333 Packets with timestamps = 15 Minimum time difference = 0.000321 Maximum time difference = 0.000628 Average time difference = 0.000450 Median time difference = 0.000476 Standard Deviation = 0.000291 The columns contains the following information. #—The number of the packet in the capture buffer, interface—The interface the packet came in on. summary—Summary description of the packet. relative time—Time the packet was received relative to when capture was started to a selected packet. time-diff—Difference between the timestamp in the packet and the receive timestamp. Example of Using Timestamps Assume we need to create three separate traffic streams of 60 byte IP packets with three different Type-Of-Service values. For ease of identifying each traffic stream, we give each traffic stream a different source IP address. We will send the packets out interface Ethernet 1, through a router, and received on Ethernet2. In this test, two routers are used. ethl p4700-pagent eth2 - - >-I ethl r4700-uut - - <-I eth2 5-2 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of Using Timestamps Router p4700-pagent is used to run TGN and PKTS: 1 TGN will send packets out interface ethemetl. 2 PKTS will capture packets on interface ethernet2. Router r4700-uut is used to run the 10S image under test. The two routers are connected back to back, ethernetl to ethernetl, ethernet2 to ethernet2. We enter the following configurations on the two routers and make sure all four interfaces are not shut. On the r4700-uut, this configures the router we are sending packets through: interface ethl ip address 1.1.1.10 255.255.255.0 mac-address 0000.1111.1111 no shut interface eth2 ip address 1.1.2.10 255.255.255.0 no shut router igrp 2 network 1.0.0.0 On the router running Pagent, the following configuration makes sure the two interfaces we are using are not shut. It also sets a MAC address on the receiving interface. interface ethl not shut interface eth2 mac-address 0000.2222.2222 not shut The following commands are entered into the p4700-pagent router, the router running the TGN and PKTS programs. These command create three IP traffic streams. The add commands include the timestamp keyword, so that a timestamp field is put into the first 8 bytes of the data array. Each traffic stream is set to a different type of service and a different source IP address. The source IP address is used to help identify each stream on the receive side. tgn ethernetl add ip timestamp 13-src-addr 1.1.1.30 13-tos 0x10 add ip timestamp 13-src-addr 1.1.1.31 13-tos 0x20 add ip timestamp 13-src-addr 1.1.1.32 13-tos 0x40 These commands are applied to all three traffic streams. all length 60 all rate 1000 all 13-dest-addr 1.1.2.20 all 12-dest-addr 0000.1111.1111 all 12-src-addr 0000.3333.3333 Cisco Company Confidential Using TGN and PKTS Timestamps to Measure Latency 5-3 Example of Using Timestamps This creates an ARP responder on the receiving interface to respond to the router’s ARP requests. ethernet2 add arp responder ip-address 1.1.2.20 mac-address 0000.2222.2222 The next commands configure PKTS. These commands: • create a 5,000,000 byte capture buffer • activate capture of incoming packets on ethemet2 • create a selective filter on ethernet2 to capture only IP packets to 1.1.2.20 (by default, filters are set for selective capture) • create a display filter to display IP packets with timestamps (by default, timestamp filters are set for selective display). pkts add 5000000 et2 in et2 filter ip ip-dest 1.1.2.20 et2 filter ip timestamp At this point, start TGN traffic generation, start PKTS capture, wait until the capture buffer is full, then stop TGN traffic generation. The following are examples of using show timestamp to view the differences between the transmit and receive timestamps. First, a quick overview of the captured packets: p4700a-(PKTS:1 of 21739)#sh all # TD interface summary relative time length 1 I Et2 IP 0.000990 60 2 I Et2 IP 0.001211 60 3 I Et2 IP 0.001320 60 4 I Et2 IP 0.001419 60 5 I Et2 IP 0.001869 60 6 I Et2 IP 0.002587 60 7 I Et2 IP 0.002793 60 8 I Et2 IP 0.002904 60 9 I Et2 IP 0.003006 60 10 I Et2 IP 0.003819 60 11 I Et2 IP 0.004042 60 12 I Et2 IP 0.004152 60 13 I Et2 IP 0.004255 60 14 I Et2 IP 0.004356 60 15 I Et2 IP 0.005198 60 16 I Et2 IP 0.005392 60 17 I Et2 IP 0.005500 60 18 I Et2 IP 0.005602 60 19 I Et2 IP 0.005705 60 20 I Et2 IP 0.006548 60 21 I Et2 IP 0.006747 60 --More-- 5-4 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of Using Timestamps Then, a quick overview of the IP addresses of the captured packets: p4700a-(PKTS:1 of 21739)#sh ip # TD interface destination source summary 1 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.30 IP 2 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.31 IP 3 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.32 IP 4 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.30 IP 5 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.31 IP 6 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.32 IP 7 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.30 IP 8 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.31 IP 9 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.32 IP 10 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.30 IP 11 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.31 IP 12 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.32 IP 13 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.30 IP 14 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.31 IP 15 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.32 IP 16 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.30 IP 17 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.31 IP 18 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.32 IP 19 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.30 IP 20 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.31 IP 21 I Et2 1.1.2.20 1.1.1.32 IP --More-- A quick overview of timestamps: p4700a-(PKTS:1 of 21739)#sh time # interface summary relative time time-diff 1 Et2 IP 0.000990 0.000354 2 Et2 IP 0.001211 0.000476 3 Et2 IP 0.001320 0.000479 4 Et2 IP 0.001419 0.000535 5 Et2 IP 0.001869 0.000321 6 Et2 IP 0.002587 0.000339 7 Et2 IP 0.002793 0.000374 8 Et2 IP 0.002904 0.000433 9 Et2 IP 0.003006 0.000496 10 Et2 IP 0.003819 0.000355 11 Et2 IP 0.004042 0.000502 12 Et2 IP 0.004152 0.000542 13 Et2 IP 0.004255 0.000586 14 Et2 IP 0.004356 0.000628 15 Et2 IP 0.005198 0.000333 16 Et2 IP 0.005392 0.000455 17 Et2 IP 0.005500 0.000494 18 Et2 IP 0.005602 0.000532 19 Et2 IP 0.005705 0.000574 20 Et2 IP 0.006548 0.000337 21 Et2 IP 0.006747 0.000467 --More Cisco Company Confidential Using TGN and PKTS Timestamps to Measure Latency 5-5 Example of Using Timestamps An overview of timestamp information for one section of the capture buffer so we also get statistics: p4700a-(PKTS:1 of 21739)#sh tim from 1 to 15 # interface summary relative time time-diff 1 Et2 IP 0.000990 0.000354 2 Et2 IP 0.001211 0.000476 3 Et2 IP 0.001320 0.000479 4 Et2 IP 0.001419 0.000535 5 Et2 IP 0.001869 0.000321 6 Et2 IP 0.002587 0.000339 7 Et2 IP 0.002793 0.000374 8 Et2 IP 0.002904 0.000433 9 Et2 IP 0.003006 0.000496 10 Et2 IP 0.003819 0.000355 11 Et2 IP 0.004042 0.000502 12 Et2 IP 0.004152 0.000542 13 Et2 IP 0.004255 0.000586 14 Et2 IP 0.004356 0.000628 15 Et2 IP 0.005198 0.000333 Packets with timestamps = 15 Minimum time difference = 0.000321 Maximum time difference = 0.000628 Average time difference = 0.000450 Median time difference = 0.000476 Standard Deviation = 0.000291 Timestamp information for one selected stream from a section of the capture buffer: p4700a- (PKTS: : 1 of 21739)#sh tim ip-src 1. .1.1.30 from 1 to 40 # interface summary relative time time-diff 1 Et2 IP 0.000990 0.000354 4 Et2 IP 0.001419 0.000535 7 Et2 IP 0.002793 0.000374 10 Et2 IP 0.003819 0.000355 13 Et2 IP 0.004255 0.000586 16 Et2 IP 0.005392 0.000455 19 Et2 IP 0.005705 0.000574 22 Et2 IP 0.006854 0.000505 25 Et2 IP 0.007927 0.000364 28 Et2 IP 0.008348 0.000578 31 Et2 IP 0.009485 0.000441 34 Et2 IP 0.010249 0.000378 37 Et2 IP 0.011321 0.000494 40 Et2 IP 0.012674 0.000331 Packets with timestamps = 14 Minimum time difference = 0.000331 Maximum time difference = 0.000586 Average time difference = 0.000451 Median time difference = 0.000455 Standard Deviation = 0.000288 5-6 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of Using Timestamps Timestamp information for a different stream and a different section of the capture buffer: p4700a-(PKTS:1 of 21739)#sh tim ip ip-src 1.1.1.31 from 1000 to 1040 # interface summary relative time time-diff 1001 Et2 IP 0.288738 0.000582 1004 Et2 IP 0.289848 0.000488 1007 Et2 IP 0.290867 0.000333 1010 Et2 IP 0.292413 0.000457 1013 Et2 IP 0.292732 0.000583 1016 Et2 IP 0.293849 0.000493 1019 Et2 IP 0.294871 0.000329 1022 Et2 IP 0.296428 0.000466 1025 Et2 IP 0.296746 0.000593 1028 Et2 IP 0.298178 0.000450 1031 Et2 IP 0.298499 0.000573 1034 Et2 IP 0.300411 0.000446 1037 Et2 IP 0.301059 0.000899 1040 Et2 IP 0.302057 0.000450 Packets with timestamps = 14 Minimum time difference = 0.000329 Maximum time difference = 0.000899 Average time difference = 0.000510 Median time difference = 0.000488 Standard Deviation = 0.000293 This uses the stats-only keyword to not display all the individual timestamps: p4700a-(PKTS:1 of 21739)#sh tim ip ip-src 1.1.1.32 stats-only Packets with timestamps = 7246 Minimum time difference = 0.000305 Maximum time difference = 0.001022 Average time difference = 0.000456 Median time difference = 0.000481 Standard Deviation = 0.000289 Cisco Company Confidential Using TGN and PKTS Timestamps to Measure Latency 5-7 Example of Using Timestamps 5-8 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential APPENDIX A Examples of Traffic Streams Datalink Traffic Streams Example of Unknown Datalink Header with IP and TCP Headers Traffic stream 1 of 1, TCP, ATM4/0/0 (administratively down) name "" on rate 10 send 0 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto j L2-data-length 4 L2-data 0 "00 00 00 00" j L3-version 4 L3-header-length auto L3-tos 0x00 L3-length auto L3-id 0x0000 L3-fragmentation 0x0000 L3-ttl 60 L3-protocol 6 L3-checksum auto L3-src-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-dest-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-option-length 0 j L4-src-port 0 L4-dest-port 0 L4-sequence 0x00000000 L4-acknowledge 0x00000000 L4-header-length auto L4-flags 0x00 L4-window 0 L4-checksum auto L4-urgent 0 L4-option-length 0 Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-l Datalink Traffic Streams data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 HEX Datalink Header Update Commands (page 2 - 2 ) Example of Ethernet with ARPA Encapsulation Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, Datalink, Ethernet0/0/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto j L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x0000 j data-length 0 j fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 Ethernet ARPA Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands (page 2 - 2 ) show mac - Displaying MAC Addresses (page 2-51) Example of Ethernet with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, Datalink, Ethernet0/0/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation snap L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-ether-length auto L2-dsap OxAA L2-ssap OxAA L2-control 0x03 L2-snap-oui 0x000000 L2-protocol 0x0000 i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 Ethernet SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands (page 2 - 2 ) A-2 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of Ethernet with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream Example of Ethernet with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, Datalink, EthernetO/O/O (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation sap L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-ether-length auto L2-dsap OxAA L2-ssap OxAA L2-control 0x03 i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 Ethernet SAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands (page 2 - 2 ) Example of Ethernet with Novell-Ether Encapsulation Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, Datalink, Ethernet0/0/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation novell-ether L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-ether-length auto j data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 Ethernet Novell-Ether Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands (page 2 - 2 ) Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-3 Datalink Traffic Streams Example of Token Ring with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, Datalink, TokenRing3/l/0 (administratively down) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation snap L2-access-control 0x10 L2-frame-control 0x40 L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-rif L2-dsap OxAA L2-ssap OxAA L2-control 0x03 L2-snap-oui 0x000000 L2-protocol 0x0000 i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 Token Ring SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands (page 2 - 3 ) Example of Token Ring with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, Datalink, TokenRing3/l/0 (administratively down) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto I L2-encapsulation sap L2-access-control 0x10 L2-frame-control 0x40 L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-rif L2-dsap OxAA L2-ssap OxAA L2-control 0x03 i data-length 0 j fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 Token Ring SAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands (page 2-3~) A-4 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of FDDI with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream Example of FDDI with SNAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, Datalink, FddiO/l/O (administratively down) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation snap L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-dsap OxAA L2-ssap OxAA L2-control 0x03 L2-snap-oui 0x000000 L2-protocol 0x0000 i data-length 0 j fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 FDDI SNAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands (page 2-31 Example of FDDI with SAP Encapsulation Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, Datalink, Fddi0/l/0 (administratively down) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 burst off length auto i L2-encapsulation sap L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-dsap OxAA L2-ssap OxAA L2-control 0x03 i data-length 0 j fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 FDDI SAP Encap Datalink Header Field Update Commands (page 2-31 Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-5 Network Protocol Traffic Stream Example of Serial HDLC Traffic Streams Traffic stream 1 of 1, Datalink, Serial8/l/0 (administratively down) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i HDLC L2-flags OxOFOO L2-protocol 0x0000 j data-length 0 j fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 Serial HDLC Datalink Header Field Update Commands (page 2-3) Network Protocol Traffic Stream These examples are all on Ethernet. Example of IP Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, IP, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto j L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x0800 j L3-version 4 L3-header-length auto L3-tos 0x00 L3-length auto L3-id 0x0000 L3-fragmentation 0x0000 L3-ttl 60 L3-protocol 0 L3-checksum auto L3-src-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-dest-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-option-length 0 i data-length 0 j fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 A-6 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of IPX Traffic Stream IP Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2 - 4 ) show ip - Displaying IP Header Information (page 2-50) Explanation of IP Header Fields (page B-l) Example of IPX Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, IPX, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto j L2-encapsulation novell-ether L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-ether-length auto j L3-checksum OxFFFF L3-length auto L3-transport-control 0x00 L3-packet-type 0x00 L3-dest-net 0 L3-dest-host 0000.0000.0000 L3-dest-socket 0 L3-src-net 0 L3-src-host 0000.0000.0000 L3-src-socket 0 i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show ipx - Displaying IPX Header Information (page 2-511 IPX Network Header Field Update Commands fpage 2-51 Explanation of IPX Header Fields (page B-61 Example of AppleTalk Phase 2 Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, APPLE, Ethernetl/l/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-ether-length auto L2-dsap OxAA L2-ssap OxAA L2-control 0x03 L2-snap-oui 0x080007 Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-7 Network Protocol Traffic Stream L2-protocol 0x809B i L3-phase 2 L3-hopcount 0 L3-length auto L3-checksum 0x0000 L3-dest-net 0 L3-src-net 0 L3-dest-node 0 L3-src-node 0 L3-dest-socket 0 L3-src-socket 0 L3-ddp-type 0 i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show appletalk - Displaying AppleTalk Header Information (page 2 - 42 ) AppleTalk Phase 2 Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-5) Explanation of AppleTalk Header Fields (page B-1 O') Example of AppleTalk Phase 1 Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, APPLE, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x809B j L3-phase 1 L3-llap-dest-node 255 L3-llap-src-node 0 L3-1lap-type 2 L3-hopcount 0 L3-length auto L3-checksum 0x0000 L3-dest-net 0 L3-src-net 0 L3-dest-node 0 L3-src-node 0 L3-dest-socket 0 L3-src-socket 0 L3-ddp-type 0 i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show appletalk - Displaying AppleTalk Header Information (page 2 - 42 ) AppleTalk Phase 1 Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-5) Explanation of AppleTalk Header Fields (page B-1 O') A-8 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of VINES Traffic Stream Example of VINES Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, VINES, Ethernetl/l/O (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x809B i L3-checksum 0x0000 L3-length auto L3-transport-control OxOE L3-packet-type 0x00 L3-dest-net 0 L3-dest-subnet 0 L3-src-net 0 L3-src-subnet 0 i data-length 0 j fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 sre - Defining Traffic Streams for TGN or SRJE (page 2-591 CLNS Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-6) Explanation of Vines Header Fields (page B-9~) Example of CLNS Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, CLNS, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-ether-length auto L2-dsap OxFE L2-ssap OxFE L2-control 0x03 i L3-id 0x81 L3-header-length auto L3-version 1 L3-lifetime 100 L3-flags OxlE L3-segment-length auto L3-checksum 0x0000 L3-dest-length auto Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-9 Network Protocol Traffic Stream L3-dest-area 47.0000.0000.0000 L3-dest-host 0000.0000.0000 L3-dest-protocol 0x00 L3-src-length auto L3-src-area 47.0000.0000.0000 L3-src-host 0000.0000.0000 L3-src-protocol 0x00 L3-option-length 0 i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 CLNS Area Fields (page 3-5~) show clns - Displaying CLNS Header Information (page 2-44) CLNS Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-6) Explanation of CLNS Header Fields (page B-12~) Example of DECnet Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, DECNET, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x6003 j L3-length auto L3-flags OxlE L3-dest-area 0 L3-dest-node 0 L3-src-area 0 L3-src-node 0 L3-next-level2 0 L3-visit-count 0 L3-service 0 L3-protocol 0 j data-length 0 j fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show decnet - Displaying DECnet Header Information (page 2-46) DECnet Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-6) Explanation ofDECnet Header Fields (page B-11) A-10 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of XNS Traffic Stream Example of XNS Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, XNS, Ethernetl/l/O (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto j L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x0600 j L3-checksum OxFFFF L3-length auto L3-transport-control 0x00 L3-packet-type 0x00 L3-dest-net 0 L3-dest-host 0000.0000.0000 L3-dest-socket 0 L3-src-net 0 L3-src-host 0000.0000.0000 L3-src-socket 0 i data-length 0 j fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 sre - Defining Traffic Streams for TGN or SRE (page 2-59) L4-.... - Updating the Transport Header Definition (page 2-71 Explanation of XNS Header Fields (page B-7~) Example of ARP (IP) Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, ARP, Ethernetl/l/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x0806 i L3-hardware 1 L3-protocol 0x0800 L3-hardware-len 6 L3-protocol-len 4 L3-operation 1 L3-sender-haddr 0000.0000.0000 L3-sender-paddr 0.0.0.0 L3-target-haddr 0000.0000.0000 L3-target-paddr 0.0.0.0 Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-ll Network Protocol Traffic Stream data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show arp - Displaying ARP Header Information (page 2-43) ARP Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2 - 4 ) Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields (page B-14) Example of AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, AARP, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto I L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-ether-length auto L2-dsap OxAA L2-ssap OxAA L2-control 0x03 L2-snap-oui 0x000000 L2-protocol 0x80F3 i L3-hardware 1 L3-protocol 0x809B L3-hardware-len 6 L3-protocol-len 04 L3-operation 1 L3-sender-haddr 0000.0000.0000 L3-sender-net 0 L3-sender-node 0 L3-target-haddr 0000.0000.0000 L3-target-net 0 L3-target-node 0 i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show aarp - Displaying AARP Header Information (page 2-411 AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Network Header Field Update Commands (page 2-6) Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields (page B-14) A-12 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential IP Transport Protocol Traffic Streams IP Transport Protocol Traffic Streams The following are examples of IP transport protocol traffic streams. Example of TCP Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, TCP, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x0800 i L3-version 4 L3-header-length auto L3-tos 0x00 L3-length auto L3-id 0x0000 L3-fragmentation 0x0000 L3-ttl 60 L3-protocol 6 L3-checksum auto L3-src-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-dest-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-option-length 0 i L4-src-port 0 L4-dest-port 0 L4-sequence 0x00000000 L4-acknowledge 0x00000000 L4-header-length auto L4-flags 0x00 L4-window 0 L4-checksum 0 L4-urgent 0 L4-option-length 0 I data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show tcp - Displaying TCP Header Information (page 2-5 8~) TCP Transport Header Field Update Commands (page 2-7) Explanation of TCP Header Fields (page B-31 Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-13 IP Transport Protocol Traffic Streams Example of UDP Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, UDP, Ethernetl/l/O (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x0800 i L3-version 4 L3-header-length auto L3-tos 0x00 L3-length auto L3-id 0x0000 L3-fragmentation 0x0000 L3-ttl 60 L3-protocol 17 L3-checksum auto L3-src-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-dest-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-option-length 0 j L4-src-port 0 L4-dest-port 0 L4-length auto L4-checksum 0x0000 j data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show udp - Displaying UDP Header Information (page 2 - 59 ) UDP Transport Header Field Update Commands (page 2 - 7 ) Explanation of UDP Header Fields (page B-4) A-14 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of ICMP Traffic Stream Example of ICMP Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, ICMP, Ethernetl/l/O (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x0800 i L3-version 4 L3-header-length auto L3-tos 0x00 L3-length auto L3-id 0x0000 L3-fragmentation 0x0000 L3-ttl 60 L3-protocol 1 L3-checksum auto L3-src-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-dest-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-option-length 0 j L4-type 0 L4-code 0 L4-checksum 0 L4-option 0 j data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show icmp - Displaying ICMP Header Information (page 2-48) ICMP Transport Header Field Update Commands (page 2-7) Explanation of ICMP Header Fields (page B-4) Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-15 IP Transport Protocol Traffic Streams Example of IGMP Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, IGMP, Ethernetl/l/O (up) name "" on rate 10 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 length auto i L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-protocol 0x0800 i L3-version 4 L3-header-length auto L3-tos 0x00 L3-length auto L3-id 0x0000 L3-fragmentation 0x0000 L3-ttl 60 L3-protocol 2 L3-checksum auto L3-src-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-dest-addr 0.0.0.0 L3-option-length 0 j L4-version 0 L4-type 0 L4-checksum 0x0000 L4-group-address 0.0.0.0 j data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 show igmp - Displaying IGMP Header Information (page 2-48) IGMP Transport Header Field Update Commands (page 2-9) Explanation of IGMP Header Fields (page B-5) A-16 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential IPv6 Traffic Streams IPv6 Traffic Streams IPv6 headers and derived protocol headers are supported through the Layer command (see layer - Replacing the Template for a Specific Laver (page 2-9V) . Example of IPv6 Header with Routing Header Extension Traffic stream 1 of 1, IP, EthernetO/O (up) name "" on rate 10 variability 0 send 0 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 i datalink user-defined length auto i L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr AABB.CC00.0B00 L2-protocol 0x86DD Layer 3 ipv6 L3-version 6 L3-traffic-class 0 L3-flow-label 0x0 L3-payload-length auto L3-next-header auto L3-hop-limit 64 L3-src-addr :: L3-dest-addr :: L3-header total 1 modules L3-header 0 is routing L3-header 0 next-header auto L3-header 0 hdr-ext-len auto L3-header 0 type auto L3-header 0 segments-left 0 L3-header 0 format is typeO L3-header 0 format reserved 0 L3-header 0 format address length 3 units L3-header 0 format address 0 L3-header 0 format address 1 L3-header 0 format address 2 data-length 0 fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 IPv6 Laver Header Field Update Commands (page 2-10) Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-17 IPv6 Traffic Streams Example of TCP over IPv6 Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, TCP, EthernetO/O (up) name "" on rate 10 variability 0 send 0 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 i datalink user-defined length auto j L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr AABB.CC00.0A00 L2-protocol 0x86DD i Layer 3 ipv6 L3-version 6 L3-traffic-class 0 L3-flow-label 0x0 L3-payload-length auto L3-next-header auto L3-hop-limit 64 L3-src-addr :: L3-dest-addr :: L3-header total 0 modules i L4-src-port 0 L4-dest-port 0 L4-sequence 0x00000000 L4-acknowledge 0x00000000 L4-header-length auto L4-flags 0x00 L4-window 0 L4-checksum auto L4-urgent 0 L4-option-length 0 j data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 IPv6 Laver Header Field Update Commands (page 2-10) A-18 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Example of UDP over IPv6 Traffic Stream Example of UDP over IPv6 Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, UDP, EthernetO/O (up) name "" on rate 10 variability 0 send 0 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 i datalink user-defined length auto j L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr AABB.CC00.0A00 L2-protocol 0x86DD i Layer 3 ipv6 L3-version 6 L3-traffic-class 0 L3-flow-label 0x0 L3-payload-length auto L3-next-header auto L3-hop-limit 64 L3-src-addr :: L3-dest-addr :: L3-header total 0 modules i L4-src-port 0 L4-dest-port 0 L4-length auto L4-checksum auto i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 IPv6 Laver Header Field Update Commands (page 2-10) Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-19 IPv6 Traffic Streams Example of ICMPv6 Echo Request Message Traffic Stream Traffic stream 1 of 1, IP, EthernetO/O (up) name "" on rate 10 variability 0 send 0 repeat 1 no-update delayed-start random burst off burst duration on 1000 to 1000 burst duration off 1000 to 1000 i datalink user-defined length auto j L2-encapsulation arpa L2-dest-addr 0000.0000.0000 L2-src-addr AABB.CC00.0A00 L2-protocol 0x86DD i Layer 3 ipv6 L3-version 6 L3-traffic-class 0 L3-flow-label 0x0 L3-payload-length auto L3-next-header auto L3-hop-limit 64 L3-src-addr :: L3-dest-addr :: L3-header total 0 modules i Layer 4 icmpv6 L4-type auto L4-code 0 L4-checksum auto L4-message is echo-request L4-message identifier 0 L4-message sequence-number 0 L4-message data length 0 bytes i data-length 0 i fill-pattern 0x00 0x01 IPv6 Laver Header Field Update Commands (page 2-10) ICMPv6 Laver Header Field Update Commands (page 2-101 A-20 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential ARP Responder and Hello-Generator Traffic Streams ARP Responder and Hello-Generator Traffic Streams The following are examples of ARP responder and hello-generator traffic streams. Example of IP ARP Responder Traffic stream 1 of 1, ARP Responder, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) on ip-address 0.0.0.0 mac-address 0011.2222.3333 IP ARP Responder (page 4-1) show arp-responder - Displaying ARP Responders (page 2-43) Example of AARP (AppleTalk ARP) Responder Traffic stream 1 of 1, AARP Responder, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) on appletalk-address 0.0 mac-address 0011.2222.3333 AppleTalk ARP Responder (page 4-21 show aarp-responder - Displaying AARP Responders (page 2-41) Example of VINES Hello-Generator Traffic stream 1 of 1, Vines Hello-Generator, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) on hello-address 0:0000 mac-address 0011.2222.3333 VINES Hello-Generator (page 4 - 2 ) sre - Defining Traffic Streams for TGN or SRE (page 2-591 Example of CLNS Hello-Generator Traffic stream 1 of 1, CLNS Hello-Generator, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) on hello-address 47.0000.0000.0000.0011.2222.3333.00 CLNS Hello-Generator (page 4-21 show clns-hello-generator - Displaying CLNS Hello-generators (page 2-451 Example of DECnet Hello-Generator Traffic stream 1 of 1, DECnet Hello-Generator, Ethernetl/1/0 (up) on hello-address 0.0 designated-router 0.0 DECnet Hello-Generator (page 4-31 show decnet-hello - Displaying DECnet Hello-Generators (page 2-461 Cisco Company Confidential Examples of Traffic Streams A-21 ARP Responder and Hello-Generator Traffic Streams A-22 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential APPENDIX B Explanation of Fields in Headers The following sections give a cursory explanation of the fields in the headers supported by this program. Explanation of IP Header Fields Version: 4 bit field IP version Current IP protocol version is 4 Header Length: 4 bit field Length of IP header in number of 32 bit words. Typical IP header is 20 bytes long, which means 5 in this field (5 of 32 bit words). Type of Service (TOS): 8 bit field What bit positions indicate 11100000 - Precedence (importance of datagram) 00010000 - Low delay 00001000 - High throughput 00000100 - High reliability 00000011 - unused Length: 16 bit field Total IP length including IP header and data Identification: 16 bit field Unique identifier for each packet in case of fragmentation Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of Fields in Headers B-l Explanation of IP Header Fields Fragment: 16 bit field What bit positions indicate 0x4000 : Don’t Fragment indication 0x2000 : More Fragments indication OxlFFF : Fragment Offset Indicates start of this fragment in original IP header Time To Live (TTL): 8 bit field Specifies how long, in seconds, the datagram is allowed to live on the Internet. Each router either decrements this field by 1 or by the number of seconds it holds the packet. A datagram is discarded if this field reaches zero. Protocol: 8 bit field Identifies the higher level data A few common protocols: 1: ICMP 2: IGMP 6: TCP 8: EGP 9: IGRP 17: UDP 88: EIGRP 89: OSPF Header Checksum: 16 bit field Used to ensure integrity of IP header One’s complement arithmetic of IP header as sequence of 16-bit integers. Does not include IP data. Source IP Address: 32 bit field IP address of the datagram sender Destination IP Address: 32 bit field IP address of the datagram intended recipient Option: Variable length up to 40 bytes max Used to record routes, timestamps B-2 TON (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of TCP Header Fields Explanation of TCP Header Fields Source Port: 16 bit field Identifies application program at source Destination Port: 16 bit field Identifies application program at destination Sequence Number: 32 bit field Identifies the position in the sender’s byte stream of the data in this segment Acknowledge Number: 32 bit field Identifies the number of the octet that the source expects to receive next Header Length: First 4 bits of 8 bit field Length of TCP header in 32-bit words Flags: 8 bit field 00100000 - URG: Urgent pointer field is valid 00010000 - ACK: Acknowledge field is valid 00001000 - PSH: This segment requests a push 00000100 - RST: Reset the connection 00000010 - SYN: Synchronize sequence numbers 00000001 - FIN: Sender has reached end of its byte stream Window: 16 bit field Sender advertises how much data it is willing to accept in its buffer Checksum: 16 bit field l’s complement checksum calculated on TCP header, TCP data, and IP pseudo header (Source IP address, Destination IP address, Protocol and Length) Urgent: 16 bit field If URG bit is set, this points to urgent, or out-of-band information in byte stream Option: Variable length Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of Fields in Headers B-3 Explanation of UDP Header Fields Explanation of UDP Header Fields Source Port: 16 bit field Identifies application program at source Destination Port: 16 bit field Identifies application program at destination Length: 16 bit field Total UDP length including UDP header and data Checksum: 16 bit field l’s complement checksum calculated on UDP header, UDP data, and IP pseudo header (Source IP address, Destination IP address, Protocol and Length) Explanation of ICMP Header Fields Type: 8 bit field Identifies ICMP message 0: Echo Reply 3: Destination Unreachable 4: Source Quench 5: Redirect 8: Echo Request 11: Time Exceeded for a Datagram 12: Parameter problem on a Datagram 13: Timestamp Request 14: Timestamp Reply 17: Address Mask Request 18: Address Mask Reply B-4 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of IGMP Header Fields Code: 8 bit field Further information on ICMP message 0: Network Unreachable 1: Host Unreachable 2: Protocol Unreachable 3: Port Unreachable 4: Fragmentation Needed and DF set 5: Source Route Field 6: Destination network unknown 7: Destination host unknown 8: Source host isolated 9: Communication with destination network administratively prohibited 10: Communication with destination host administratively prohibited 11: Network unreachable for type of service 12: host unreachable for type of service Checksum: 16 bit field 1 ’s complement checksum calculated on ICMP header and ICMP data Explanation of IGMP Header Fields Version: 4 bit field IGMP protocol version Currently 1 Type: 4 bit field Identifies message as: 1: Query 2: Response Unused: 8 bit field Unused byte in header; should be set to zero Checksum: 16 bit field Checksum calculated on IGMP header and IGMP data Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of Fields in Headers B-5 Explanation of IPX Header Fields Group Address: 32 bit field Hosts use this field to report their membership to a particular multicast group. Explanation of IPX Header Fields Checksum 16 bit field Optional Usually set to OxFFFF Length 16 bit field Length of IPX header and data Transport Control 8 bit field 11110000 - reserved 00001111 - Hop Count Packet sent with hop count of 0. Field is incremented by each router. Packet is dropped by router receiving hop count of 15. Packet Type 8 bit field Defines higher level data 0: Unknown Packet Type 1: RIP 2: Echo Packet 3: Error Packet 4: Packet Exchange Protocol (PEP) 5: Sequenced Packet Protocol (SPP) 17: Netware Core Protocol (NCP) Destination Network 32 bit field Indicates which network the destination station is on Destination Address 48 bit field MAC address of destination station B-6 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of XNS Header Fields Destination Socket 16 bit field Specifies process within destination station 0x0001: Routing Information Packet 0x0002: Echo Protocol Packet 0x0003: Error Handler Packet 0x0451: File Service Packet 0x0452: Service Advertising Packet 0x0453: Routing Information Packet 0x0455: NetBIOS Packet 0x0456: Diagnostic Packet Source Network 32 bit field Indicates which network the source station is on Source Address 48 bit field MAC address of source station Source Socket 16 bit field Process sending packet See Destination Socket for values Explanation of XNS Header Fields Checksum 16 bit field Optional Usually set to OxFFFF Length 16 bit field Length of XNS header and data Transport Control 8 bit field 11110000 - reserved 00001111 - Hop Count Packet sent with hop count of 0. Field is incremented by each router. Packet is dropped by router receiving hop count of 15 Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of Fields in Headers B-7 Explanation of XNS Header Fields Packet Type 8 bit field Defines higher level data 0: Unknown Packet Type 1: RIP 2: Echo Packet 3: Error Packet 4: Packet Exchange Protocol (PEP) 5: Sequenced Packet Protocol (SPP) Destination Network 32 bit field Indicates which network the destination station is on Destination Address 48 bit field MAC address of destination station Destination Socket 16 bit field Specifies process within destination station 0x0001: Routing Information Packet 0x0002: Echo Protocol Packet 0x0003: Error Handler Packet Source Network 32 bit field Indicates which network the source station is on Source Address 48 bit field MAC address of source station Source Socket 16 bit field Process sending packet (see Destination Socket for values) B-8 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of Vines Header Fields Explanation of Vines Header Fields Checksum 16 bit field Optional Usually set to OxFFFF Length 16 bit field Length of VINES header and data Transport Control 8 bit field 11110000 - reserved 00001111 - Hop Count Packet sent with hop count of 0. Field is incremented by each router. Packet is dropped by router receiving hop count of 15. Packet Type 8 bit field Defines higher level data 0: Unknown Packet Type 1: RIP 2: Echo Packet 3: Error Packet 4: Packet Exchange Protocol (PEP) 5: Sequenced Packet Protocol (SPP) Destination Network 32 bit field Indicates which network the destination station is on Destination Sub-Network 16 bit field Address assigned to destination station Source Network 32 bit field Indicates which network the source station is on Source Sub-Network 16 bit field Address assigned to source station Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of Fields in Headers B-9 Explanation of AppleTalk Header Fields Explanation of AppleTalk Header Fields The AppleTalk network header is also call Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP). Hop Count 4 bit field Packet sent with hop count of 0. Field is incremented by each route.r Packet is dropped by router receiving hop count of 15. Length 10 bit field Length of DDP header and data Checksum 16 bit field Checksum calculated on DDP header and data set to 0x0000 if checksum not performed Destination Network 16 bit field Network address of destination station Source Network 16 bit field Network address of source station Destination Node 8 bit field Node address of destination station Source Node 8 bit field Node address of source station Destination Socket 8 bit field Process addressed on destination node Source Socket 8 bit field Process sending packet 1: RTMP 2: NIS 4: Echoer 6: ZIS B-10 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of DECnet Header Fields Type 8 bit field Identification of higher level data 1: RTMP Response or Data 2: NBP 3: ATP 4: AEP 5: RTMP Request 6: ZIP 7: ADSP Explanation of DECnet Header Fields Length 16 bit field Length of DECnet header plus data Flag 8 bit field 1000 0000: Padding 0100 0000: Version 0010 0000: Intra-Ethernet Packet 0001 0000: Return packet 0000 1000: Do not return to sender 0000 0110: Packet Type: Long Data Packet 0000 0001: Control packet Dest Area 8 bit field Not used Keep at 0 Dest SubArea 8 bit field Not used Keep at 0 Dest Address 48 bit field MAC address of Destination station Station area and node are encoded in the MAC address Source Area 8 bit field Not used Keep at 0 Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of Fields in Headers B-ll Explanation of CLNS Header Fields Source SubArea 8 bit field Not used Keep at 0 Source Address 48 bit field MAC address of Source station Station area and node are encoded in the MAC address NL2 8 bit field Next Level Router Visits 8 bit field The number of routers the packet has passed through Class 8 bit field Service Class Not used Keep at 0 Protocol 8 bit field Protocol Type Not used Keep at 0 Explanation of CLNS Header Fields ID 8 bit field Format of this OS1 header. The format of the rest of this header is for a data packet; hello packets have different formats. 129: Data Packet 130: End System Hello 131: Intermediate System Hello Header Length 8 bit field Length of this header in bytes Version 8 bit field Version of header format; current version in use is 1 Lifetime 8 bit field Remaining life time of packet in 1/2 seconds. Sets how long a packet can exist on the Internet before it is dropped. B-12 TON (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of CLNS Header Fields Flags 8 bit field 10000000: SP = Segmentation permitted 01000000: MS = More segments 00100000: E/R = Error Report Requested 00011111: Type = Packet Type 00011100: Data Packet 00000001: Error Packet Segment Length 16 bit field Length of Header and data Checksum 16 bit field Checksum on Header. If checksum not calculated, set to 0x0000. Destination Length 8 bit field This the length of the destination address in number of bytes. Normally, the destination address is considered to be a single number. Here it is split into Area, Address, and Protocol, This length covers all three together, Destination Area Variable length This is the area of the destination station Destination Address 48 bit field This is the MAC address of the destination station Destination Protocol 8 bit field This is the process on the destination station that should receive this packet Source Length 8 bit field This the length of the destination address in number of bytes, Normally, the destination address is considered to be a single number. Here it is split into Area, Address, and Protocol. This length covers all three together. Source Area Variable length This is the area of the source station Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of Fields in Headers B-13 Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields Source Address 48 bit field This is the MAC address of the source station Source Protocol 8 bit field This is the process on the source station sending the packet Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields Hardware 16 bit field Identification of sender media Protocol 16 bit field Identification of protocol IP is 0x0800 Appletalk is 0x809B Hardware Length 8 bit field Length of hardware field in bytes, (MAC address) Value is 6 Protocol Length 8 bit field Length of protocol address field in bytes, (IP or AppleTalk address). Value is 4. For AppleTalk, the first byte is zero, the second and third have the network address, and the forth byte has the node address. Operation 16 bit field Purpose of this ARP packet 1 = Request 2 = Reply Sender Hardware Address 48 bit field MAC address of the station sending the packet. Holds the requested information in reply. Sender Protocol Address 32 bit field IP or Appletalk address of the station sending the packet B-14 TON (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields Target Hardware Address 48 bit field MAC address of the destination station. Is zero in request. Target Protocol Address 32 bit field IP or AppleTalk address of destination station Cisco Company Confidential Explanation of Fields in Headers B-15 Explanation of IP ARP and Appletalk ARP Header Fields B-16 TGN (Traffic GeNerator) User Manual Cisco Company Confidential